diff --git a/src/components/MetronomeWidget.tsx b/src/components/MetronomeWidget.tsx
index b4cd0e9..cdb7029 100644
--- a/src/components/MetronomeWidget.tsx
+++ b/src/components/MetronomeWidget.tsx
@@ -87,76 +87,87 @@ export const MetronomeWidget: React.FC<MetronomeWidgetProps> = ({
                 </button>
             </div>
 
-            {rhythm.active && (
-                <div className="rhythm-details" style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '6px', paddingTop: '8px', borderTop: '1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1)' }}>
-                    {/* Linear pendulum — same element, left transitions each beat */}
+            {/* Always visible: pendulum + BPM; the toggle gates sound + animation */}
+            <div className="rhythm-details" style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '6px', paddingTop: '8px', borderTop: '1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1)', opacity: rhythm.active ? 1 : 0.5 }}>
+                {/* Linear pendulum — same element, left transitions each beat */}
+                <div
+                    style={{
+                        position: 'relative',
+                        height: compact ? 14 : 18,
+                        borderRadius: 9,
+                        background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 8%, transparent)',
+                        overflow: 'hidden',
+                    }}
+                    aria-hidden
+                >
                     <div
                         style={{
-                            position: 'relative',
-                            height: compact ? 14 : 18,
-                            borderRadius: 9,
-                            background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 8%, transparent)',
-                            overflow: 'hidden',
+                            position: 'absolute',
+                            top: '50%',
+                            left: beatParity === 0 ? '6%' : '88%',
+                            width: compact ? 10 : 12,
+                            height: compact ? 10 : 12,
+                            borderRadius: '50%',
+                            background: 'var(--color-text-main)',
+                            transform: 'translateY(-50%)',
+                            transition: `left ${beatMs}ms linear`,
+                            display: rhythm.active ? 'block' : 'none',
                         }}
-                        aria-hidden
-                    >
-                        <div
-                            style={{
-                                position: 'absolute',
-                                top: '50%',
-                                left: beatParity === 0 ? '6%' : '88%',
-                                width: compact ? 10 : 12,
-                                height: compact ? 10 : 12,
-                                borderRadius: '50%',
-                                background: 'var(--color-text-main)',
-                                transform: 'translateY(-50%)',
-                                transition: `left ${beatMs}ms linear`,
-                            }}
-                        />
-                    </div>
+                    />
+                </div>
 
-                    {rhythm.mode === 'bpm' || compact ? (
-                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '4px' }}>
-                            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
-                                <button
-                                    className="control-button small"
-                                    onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(30, rhythm.bpm - 1) })}
-                                    style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
-                                >
-                                    −
-                                </button>
-                                <input
-                                    type="number"
-                                    min="30"
-                                    max="300"
-                                    value={rhythm.bpm}
-                                    onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(1, parseInt(e.target.value) || 60) })}
-                                    className="control-input"
-                                    style={{ width: '48px', textAlign: 'center', padding: '2px' }}
-                                />
-                                <button
-                                    className="control-button small"
-                                    onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.min(300, rhythm.bpm + 1) })}
-                                    style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
-                                >
-                                    +
-                                </button>
-                                <input
-                                    type="range"
-                                    min="30"
-                                    max="240"
-                                    step="1"
-                                    value={rhythm.bpm}
-                                    onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Number(e.target.value) })}
-                                    style={{ flex: 1 }}
-                                />
-                            </div>
-                            <div style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, textAlign: 'center' }}>
-                                {getTempoMarking(rhythm.bpm)}
-                            </div>
+                <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                    {!compact && (
+                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '4px', flexShrink: 0 }}>
+                            <button
+                                className={`control-button small ${rhythm.mode === 'bpm' ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ mode: 'bpm' })}
+                                style={{ fontSize: '10px' }}
+                            >BPM</button>
+                            <button
+                                className={`control-button small ${rhythm.mode === 'seconds' ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ mode: 'seconds' })}
+                                style={{ fontSize: '10px' }}
+                            >Timer</button>
                         </div>
+                    )}
+                    {rhythm.mode === 'bpm' ? (
+                        <>
+                            <button
+                                className="control-button small"
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(30, rhythm.bpm - 1) })}
+                                style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
+                            >
+                                −
+                            </button>
+                            <input
+                                type="number"
+                                min="30"
+                                max="300"
+                                value={rhythm.bpm}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(1, parseInt(e.target.value) || 60) })}
+                                className="control-input"
+                                style={{ width: '48px', textAlign: 'center', padding: '2px' }}
+                            />
+                            <button
+                                className="control-button small"
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.min(300, rhythm.bpm + 1) })}
+                                style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
+                            >
+                                +
+                            </button>
+                            <input
+                                type="range"
+                                min="30"
+                                max="240"
+                                step="1"
+                                value={rhythm.bpm}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Number(e.target.value) })}
+                                style={{ flex: 1 }}
+                            />
+                        </>
                     ) : (
-                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                        <>
                             <span style={{ fontSize: '12px', minWidth: '32px' }}>{rhythm.seconds}s</span>
                             <input
                                 type="range"
@@ -167,8 +178,36 @@ export const MetronomeWidget: React.FC<MetronomeWidgetProps> = ({
                                 onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ seconds: Number(e.target.value) })}
                                 style={{ flex: 1 }}
                             />
-                        </div>
+                        </>
                     )}
+                </div>
+                {rhythm.mode === 'bpm' && (
+                    <div style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, textAlign: 'center' }}>
+                        {getTempoMarking(rhythm.bpm)}
+                    </div>
+                )}
+
+                <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'flex-end', alignItems: 'center' }}>
+                    {showAutoAdvance ? (
+                        <label style={{ fontSize: '10px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                            <input
+                                type="checkbox"
+                                checked={rhythm.autoAdvance}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ autoAdvance: e.target.checked })}
+                            />
+                            Auto
+                        </label>
+                    ) : <span />}
+                    <label style={{ fontSize: '10px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                        <input
+                            type="checkbox"
+                            checked={rhythm.sound}
+                            onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ sound: e.target.checked })}
+                        />
+                        Sound
+                    </label>
+                </div>
+            </div>
 
                     <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center' }}>
                         {showAutoAdvance ? (
@@ -189,9 +228,7 @@ export const MetronomeWidget: React.FC<MetronomeWidgetProps> = ({
                             />
                             Sound
                         </label>
-                    </div>
                 </div>
-            )}
         </div>
     );
 };
diff --git a/src/components/PhraseTrainer.tsx b/src/components/PhraseTrainer.tsx
index 49c16ab..538f76c 100644
--- a/src/components/PhraseTrainer.tsx
+++ b/src/components/PhraseTrainer.tsx
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import { usePhraseTrainer, type PhraseTrainerApi, type PhrasePhase } from '../ho
 import { getPhraseSettings, getPracticeFilter, type PhraseSettings, type PracticeFilter } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
 import { rawFrameCount } from '../hooks/rawFrameBus';
 import { audioEngine } from '../audio/AudioEngine';
-import { computePlayableNotes, isFrettedInstrument, positionsWithinWindow, fretWindowNotes } from '../music/playableRange';
+import { computePlayableNotes, isFrettedInstrument, positionsWithinWindow } from '../music/playableRange';
 import { generateMelody } from '../music/melodyGenerator';
 import { generateScaleDrill } from '../music/scaleDrills';
 import { generateArpeggio, type ArpeggioDegree } from '../music/arpeggioGenerator';
@@ -109,39 +109,22 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
 
         // ---- Playable pool ----------------------------------------------------
         const pool = useMemo(() => {
-            // Unified filter: strings ∩ fret window take precedence for fretted
-            // instruments (same semantics as the single-note modes).
-            if (fretted && currentTuning && (pf.strings.length > 0 || pf.fretWindowEnabled)) {
+            // Unified filter: strings ∩ fret window, computed identically to
+            // the single-note modes (full 0–12 fretboard when no filter is
+            // active — the legacy difficulty ranges no longer apply).
+            if (fretted && currentTuning) {
                 const all = currentTuning.strings;
                 const selected = pf.strings.length > 0
                     ? all.filter((_, i) => pf.strings.includes(i))
                     : all;
-                if (selected.length > 0) {
-                    if (pf.fretWindowEnabled) {
-                        const lo = Math.max(0, Math.min(24, pf.fretMin));
-                        const hi = Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, pf.fretMax));
-                        return selected.flatMap(open => {
-                            const notes: number[] = [];
-                            for (let fret = lo; fret <= hi; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);
-                            return notes;
-                        }).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                    }
-                    // Strings only: use their full range
-                    const maxFret = Math.max(...all.map(open => {
-                        let f = 0;
-                        while (open + f <= 127) f++;
-                        return Math.min(f - 1, 24);
-                    }));
-                    return selected.flatMap(open => {
-                        const notes: number[] = [];
-                        for (let fret = 0; fret <= maxFret; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);
-                        return notes;
-                    }).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                }
-                return [];
-            }
-            if (phrase.fretWindowEnabled && fretted && currentTuning) {
-                return fretWindowNotes(currentTuning, phrase.fretMin, phrase.fretMax);
+                if (selected.length === 0) return [];
+                const lo = pf.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(0, Math.min(24, pf.fretMin)) : 0;
+                const hi = pf.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, pf.fretMax)) : 12;
+                return selected.flatMap(open => {
+                    const notes: number[] = [];
+                    for (let fret = lo; fret <= hi; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);
+                    return notes;
+                }).sort((a, b) => a - b);
             }
             return computePlayableNotes({
                 instrumentId: settings.instrument,
@@ -640,6 +623,13 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                             <option value="down">Down</option>
                                             <option value="updown">Up &amp; down</option>
                                             <option value="1235">1-2-3-5</option>
+                                            <optgroup label="Giuliani studies">
+                                                <option value="giuliani-pim">p-i-m</option>
+                                                <option value="giuliani-pima">p-i-m-a</option>
+                                                <option value="giuliani-pami">p-a-m-i</option>
+                                                <option value="giuliani-mami">m-a-m-i</option>
+                                                <option value="giuliani-ami">a-m-i</option>
+                                            </optgroup>
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                     <label>Coverage
diff --git a/src/music/arpeggioGenerator.ts b/src/music/arpeggioGenerator.ts
index acd6873..e27b05d 100644
--- a/src/music/arpeggioGenerator.ts
+++ b/src/music/arpeggioGenerator.ts
@@ -14,7 +14,15 @@ import { STEP_LETTERS, LETTER_PC, type StepLetter } from '../score/model';
 import { makeRng } from './melodyGenerator';
 
 export type ArpeggioDegree = 'I' | 'ii' | 'iii' | 'IV' | 'V' | 'vi' | 'vii0';
-export type ArpeggioPattern = 'up' | 'down' | 'updown' | '1235';
+export type ArpeggioPattern =
+    | 'up' | 'down' | 'updown' | '1235'
+    // Giuliani-style right-hand figures over one chord (indices into the
+    // chord cycle per note; 1=root 2=third 3=fifth 4=octave):
+    | 'giuliani-pim'   // root-third-fifth (p-i-m)
+    | 'giuliani-pima'  // root-third-fifth-octave (p-i-m-a)
+    | 'giuliani-pami'  // root-octave-fifth-third (p-a-m-i)
+    | 'giuliani-mami'  // third-fifth-octave-third (inner-voice feel)
+    | 'giuliani-ami';  // octave-fifth-third (descending from the top)
 export type ArpeggioCoverage = 'one-octave' | 'two-octave';
 /** How the chord per bar is chosen in sequence mode. */
 export type ArpeggioProgression = 'random' | 'functional' | 'diatonic-cycle';
@@ -45,6 +53,28 @@ export const ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS: Record<ArpeggioDegree, string> = {
     I: 'I', ii: 'ii', iii: 'iii', IV: 'IV', V: 'V', vi: 'vi', 'vii0': 'vii°',
 };
 
+export const PATTERN_LABELS: Record<ArpeggioPattern, string> = {
+    up: 'Up', down: 'Down', updown: 'Up & down', '1235': '1-2-3-5',
+    'giuliani-pim': 'Giuliani p-i-m',
+    'giuliani-pima': 'Giuliani p-i-m-a',
+    'giuliani-pami': 'Giuliani p-a-m-i',
+    'giuliani-mami': 'Giuliani m-a-m-i',
+    'giuliani-ami': 'Giuliani a-m-i',
+};
+
+/**
+ * Giuliani figures: chord-cycle index per note (0=root 1=third 2=fifth
+ * 3=octave). Each figure repeats with an octave register shift per
+ * repetition, mirroring the p-i-m-a feel of the 120 right-hand studies.
+ */
+const GIULIANI_FIGURES: Record<string, number[]> = {
+    'giuliani-pim': [0, 1, 2],
+    'giuliani-pima': [0, 1, 2, 3],
+    'giuliani-pami': [0, 3, 2, 1],
+    'giuliani-mami': [1, 2, 3, 1],
+    'giuliani-ami': [3, 2, 1],
+};
+
 /** pc of a spelled degree (step letter + alter). */
 const degreePc = (d: { step: StepLetter; alter: number }): number =>
     (LETTER_PC[STEP_LETTERS.indexOf(d.step)] + d.alter + 144) % 12;
@@ -146,6 +176,26 @@ function buildPath(key: KeyContext, degreeIndex: number, pool: number[], coverag
             }
             return path;
         }
+        default: {
+            // Giuliani figure: cycle [root, third, fifth, octave] with the
+            // figure selecting cycle positions per note; the octave wraps so
+            // e.g. p-i-m over C-E-G becomes C E G | C' E' G' ... (ascending
+            // octave register shift every figure repetition).
+            const figure = GIULIANI_FIGURES[pattern];
+            // 4-note cycle per octave: root, third, fifth, octave
+            const cycleOct = (oct: number): number[] => [
+                base[0] + 12 * oct, base[1] + 12 * oct, base[2] + 12 * oct, base[0] + 12 * (oct + 1),
+            ];
+            const path: number[] = [];
+            for (let oct = 0; oct < octavesWanted; oct++) {
+                const c = cycleOct(oct);
+                for (const idx of figure) {
+                    const note = c[idx];
+                    if (note !== undefined && (oct === 0 || pool.includes(note))) path.push(note);
+                }
+            }
+            return path;
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -272,7 +322,7 @@ export function generateArpeggio(
     }
 
     const chordName = `${key.tonic} ${ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS[config.degree]}`;
-    const patternLabel = { up: 'up', down: 'down', updown: 'up & down', '1235': '1-2-3-5' }[config.pattern];
+    const patternLabel = PATTERN_LABELS[config.pattern];
     // Single-bar paths can overflow into extra bars (updown/two-octave);
     // sequence mode always has exactly `bars` measures.
     const totalMeasures = bars === 1 ? Math.max(1, Math.ceil((cursor) / full)) : bars;
diff --git a/src/music/targetPool.ts b/src/music/targetPool.ts
index c1aa5e3..5270da5 100644
--- a/src/music/targetPool.ts
+++ b/src/music/targetPool.ts
@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ export function computeTargetPool(input: TargetPoolInput): number[] {
     const tuning = TUNINGS[input.tuningId];
     const fretted = isFrettedInstrument(input.instrumentId) && !!tuning;
 
-    // 1+2: base pool with string selection and optional fret window
+    // 1+2: base pool with string selection and optional fret window.
+    // For fretted instruments with NO filters the pool is the full fretboard
+    // (frets 0–12) — the legacy difficulty ranges no longer apply since the
+    // Note Set dropdown was removed.
     let base: number[];
     if (fretted) {
         const all = tuning!.strings;
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ export function computeTargetPool(input: TargetPoolInput): number[] {
             : all;
         if (selected.length === 0) return [];
         const lo = input.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(0, Math.min(24, input.fretMin)) : 0;
-        const hi = input.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, input.fretMax)) : 24;
+        const hi = input.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, input.fretMax)) : 12;
         base = selected.flatMap(open => {
             const notes: number[] = [];
             for (let fret = lo; fret <= hi; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);