Assist: drop flickering hint paragraph; center tuner in its frame

The 'Play a note' paragraph toggled with every detection gap and shifted
the layout — removed (incl. unused .assist-hint rule). TuningMeter is a
fixed-width 260px block; the tuner tool's body row now centers it.

TOOLS_LOCAL.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
-# Local deployment (nyx server) — beta channel
+# Local deployment (nyx server) — beta channel (tracks main = production state by default)
-- Managed by Nyx; deploy script: `~/deploy/smt-beta.sh [branch]` (fetch, build, docker rebuild, restart)
+- Managed by Nyx; deploy script: `~/deploy/smt-beta.sh [branch]` (fetch, build, docker rebuild, restart; **default branch: main**)
-- Container: `smt-beta` (nginx:alpine, 127.0.0.1:8081), image `smt-beta-image`
+- Container: `smt-beta` (nginx:alpine, 127.0.0.1:8081 **and** tailnet IP 100.64.0.4:8081), image `smt-beta-image`
-- Tailnet URL: http://nyx-rg3jpx6w.internal.0jm.de/ (tailscale serve → 8081)
+- Tailnet URLs:
+  - http://nyx-rg3jpx6w.internal.0jm.de/ (tailscale serve → 8081; needs MagicDNS; Chrome history may autocomplete a broken https:// variant — delete it from history)
+  - **http://100.64.0.4:8081/ (preferred: Chrome never HTTPS-upgrades IP:port URLs, no MagicDNS needed)**
 - Note: `tailscale serve --https` not available on this tailnet (feature not enabled); plain HTTP inside tailnet only

docs/PHRASE_DELIVERY.md

@@ -99,3 +99,35 @@ Implementation of [PHRASE_MODE_PLAN.md](../PHRASE_MODE_PLAN.md) and
 
 - MIDI adapter, motif-based generation, persisted phrase setup, extra
   repertoire, per-note timing scoring — all explicitly deferred in the plan.
+
+## Feedback round 4 (2026-09-15): always-eighths arpeggio/Giuliani + custom/random patterns
+
+**Generator redesign (Phrase Mode materials `arpeggio` + `giuliani`):**
+
+- **Always eighth notes** (240 ticks/note). The quarter-note fallback and
+  stretch-the-last-note logic were removed — the latter produced
+  non-renderable 2880-tick durations (two-octave arpeggio in 6/8) that
+  crashed the VexFlow renderer (white screen).
+- **Auto-derived meter** (`autoArpeggioMeter`): 3/4 vs 4/4 chosen by the
+  smallest rest remainder for the path length (fewer bars as tiebreaker).
+  Giuliani meter derives from figure length (3 voices → 3/4, 4 → 4/4,
+  5 → 4/4 + rest fill, 6 → 3/4). The Meter and Rhythm selects were removed
+  from both setups; leftover bar space is filled with rests built from
+  renderable durations only.
+- **Custom arpeggio pattern**: new `custom` pattern + text field; digits map
+  1=root, 2=third, 3=fifth, 4=octave, 5=fifth above the octave; invalid
+  input fails with an actionable error.
+- **Random arpeggio pattern**: new `random` pattern — one broken-chord
+  figure is chosen deterministically per seed, so every auto-continued run
+  gets a fresh figure while Retry stays reproducible.
+- **Two-octave coverage** doubles the path; the auto-derived meter adjusts
+  (e.g. updown two-octave = 13 notes → 4/4 with a rest fill).
+- **Giuliani**: `pimami` figure corrected to 6 voices; new figures
+  `pimai`, `pmia`, `pmim`; new **alternating bass** option (even bars voice
+  the fifth as the bass — the original studies' thumb-jump feel).
+- **Renderer**: `minWidthPerBar` for sixteenths raised 420 → 500 px
+  (mobile clipping).
+
+**Verification:** 193 unit tests green (`npx vitest run`), `tsc --noEmit`
+clean, production build + deploy to `smt-beta`. A pattern×degree×coverage
+sweep test guarantees every generated duration stays in the renderable set.

src/App.css

@@ -1040,30 +1040,54 @@ button {
 }
 
 .phrase-setup {
-    margin-top: 16px;
+    margin-bottom: 16px;
-    border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 12%, transparent);
+    border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 18%, transparent);
-    padding-top: 12px;
+    border-radius: 10px;
+    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 4%, transparent);
 }
 
 .phrase-setup summary {
     display: flex;
     align-items: center;
-    gap: 6px;
+    gap: 8px;
     cursor: pointer;
-    font-size: 13px;
+    font-size: 15px;
-    color: var(--color-text-muted);
+    font-weight: 600;
+    color: var(--color-text-main);
+    padding: 12px 14px;
     user-select: none;
+    list-style: none;
+    border-radius: 10px;
+    transition: background 0.15s ease;
+}
+
+/* Hide the default disclosure triangle — the chevron icon does the job */
+.phrase-setup summary::-webkit-details-marker {
+    display: none;
 }
 
 .phrase-setup summary:hover {
-    color: var(--color-text-main);
+    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 7%, transparent);
+}
+
+.phrase-setup[open] summary {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 12%, transparent);
+    border-radius: 10px 10px 0 0;
+}
+
+.phrase-setup summary svg {
+    transition: transform 0.15s ease;
+}
+
+.phrase-setup[open] summary svg {
+    transform: rotate(180deg);
 }
 
 .phrase-setup-grid {
     display: grid;
     grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(130px, 1fr));
     gap: 10px 14px;
-    margin-top: 12px;
+    padding: 12px 14px 14px;
 }
 
 .phrase-setup-grid label {
@@ -1126,3 +1150,76 @@ button {
     justify-content: safe center;
     justify-content: center;
 }
+
+/* ---- Assist Mode ------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Primitive practice companion: big detected note + live staff + optional
+   fretboard with alternative positions. No trainer actions. */
+
+.assist-card {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: var(--spacing-md);
+  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
+}
+
+.assist-note-area {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  min-height: 110px;
+}
+
+.assist-note-name {
+  font-size: 5rem;
+  font-weight: 800;
+  line-height: 1;
+  color: var(--color-text-main);
+  font-variant-emoji: text;
+}
+
+.assist-note-name.placeholder {
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+  opacity: 0.5;
+}
+
+.assist-fretboard {
+  width: 100%;
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+}
+
+/* ---- Transport step group (preview stepping) ---------------------------- */
+.transport-step-group {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+
+.step-button {
+  padding: 0.4rem 0.55rem;
+}
+
+/* ---- Display toggles (virtual instrument / hint show-hide) -------------- */
+/* Separate row of pure show/hide switches, styled like the tuner and
+   metronome switches — visually distinct from transport actions. */
+.display-toggles {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: center;
+  gap: var(--spacing-lg);
+  margin-top: 10px;
+}
+
+.display-toggle {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.display-toggle-label {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  color: var(--color-text-muted);
+}

src/App.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { SingleNoteTrainer, type SingleNoteHandle } from './components/SingleNot
 import { LiveNoteStaff } from './components/LiveNoteStaff';
 import { resolveClefTranspose } from './music/InstrumentConfigs';
 import { PhraseTrainer, type PhraseHandle } from './components/PhraseTrainer';
+import { AssistMode } from './components/AssistMode';
 import { usePitchDetector } from './hooks/usePitchDetector';
 import { useSettings } from './context/useSettings';
 import { audioEngine } from './audio/AudioEngine';
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ function App() {
   const setSettings = updateSettings;
 
   const isPhrase = settings.gameMode === 'phrase';
+  const isAssist = settings.gameMode === 'assist';
 
   const currentTuning = TUNINGS[settings.tuningId];
   const currentInstrumentDef = INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[settings.instrument];
@@ -121,24 +123,28 @@ function App() {
   useEffect(() => {
     const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       const target = e.target as HTMLElement | null;
-      const onInteractive =
+      // Text inputs / selects keep their native keys — shortcuts must not
+      // fire while typing. FOCUSED BUTTONS however stay eligible: after a
+      // click the button keeps focus, and gating there made N/R/P/L
+      // silently dead until the user clicked elsewhere. Space/Enter on a
+      // focused button activate it natively (guarded below), so no
+      // double-fire.
+      const onTextEntry =
         target instanceof HTMLInputElement ||
         target instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement ||
-        target instanceof HTMLButtonElement ||
         target instanceof HTMLSelectElement ||
         !!target?.isContentEditable;
+      if (onTextEntry) return;
 
       if (e.code === 'Escape') {
         if (showHelp) setShowHelp(false);
         else if (settings.zenMode) setSettings(s => ({ ...s, zenMode: false }));
         return;
       }
-      // Focused buttons handle their own keys (native activation);
+      // Prevent default for space to stop scrolling (Space on a focused
-      // global shortcuts must not double-fire or block them.
+      // button activates it natively — preventDefault only applies when the
-      if (onInteractive) return;
+      // focus is on the body, where the shortcut below takes over).
-
+      if (e.code === 'Space' && !(target instanceof HTMLButtonElement)) {
-      // Prevent default for space to stop scrolling
-      if (e.code === 'Space') {
         e.preventDefault();
       }
 
@@ -159,6 +165,12 @@ function App() {
           case 'n':
             phraseRef.current?.next();
             break;
+          case 'arrowleft':
+            phraseRef.current?.previewStep(-1);
+            break;
+          case 'arrowright':
+            phraseRef.current?.previewStep(1);
+            break;
           case 's':
             phraseRef.current?.skip();
             break;
@@ -169,12 +181,33 @@ function App() {
             setListening(l => !l);
             break;
         }
-        if (e.code === 'Space' || e.code === 'Enter') {
+        // Space/Enter on a focused button natively activate that button
+        // (e.g. Start); only treat them as pause-toggle when NOT on a button.
+        if ((e.code === 'Space' || e.code === 'Enter') && !(e.target instanceof HTMLButtonElement)) {
           phraseRef.current?.pauseToggle();
         }
         return;
       }
 
+      if (isAssist) {
+        // Assist mode: only display shortcuts — no trainer actions.
+        switch (e.key.toLowerCase()) {
+          case 'h':
+            setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showHint: !s.showHint }));
+            break;
+          case 'z':
+            setSettings(s => ({ ...s, zenMode: !s.zenMode }));
+            break;
+          case 'v':
+            setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showFretboard: !s.showFretboard }));
+            break;
+          case 'l':
+            setListening(l => !l);
+            break;
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
       switch (e.key.toLowerCase()) {
         case 'h':
           setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showHint: !s.showHint }));
@@ -200,23 +233,23 @@ function App() {
           break;
       }
 
-      if (e.code === 'Space' || e.code === 'Enter') {
+      if ((e.code === 'Space' || e.code === 'Enter') && !(e.target instanceof HTMLButtonElement)) {
         singleNoteRef.current?.skipNote();
       }
     };
 
     window.addEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
     return () => window.removeEventListener('keydown', handleKeyDown);
-  }, [settings, showHelp, isPhrase, setSettings]);
+  }, [settings, showHelp, isPhrase, isAssist, setSettings]);
 
-  // 'm' cycles all three modes from phrase mode too.
+  // 'm' cycles back to sight reading from phrase/assist modes.
   useEffect(() => {
     const handler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
       if (e.key.toLowerCase() !== 'm') return;
       const target = e.target as HTMLElement | null;
       if (target instanceof HTMLInputElement || target instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement ||
         target instanceof HTMLButtonElement || target instanceof HTMLSelectElement || target?.isContentEditable) return;
-      if (settings.gameMode === 'phrase') {
+      if (settings.gameMode === 'phrase' || settings.gameMode === 'assist') {
         setSettings(s => ({ ...s, gameMode: 'sight_reading' }));
       }
     };
@@ -244,11 +277,19 @@ function App() {
 
           <div className="header-controls">
             <div className="game-mode-toggle">
+              <button
+                className={`toggle-option ${settings.gameMode === 'assist' ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, gameMode: 'assist' }))}
+                title="Practice companion: shows played notes while you work from paper"
+              >
+                Assist
+              </button>
               <button
                 className={`toggle-option ${settings.gameMode === 'sight_reading' ? 'active' : ''}`}
                 onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, gameMode: 'sight_reading' }))}
+                title="Learn to read notes from the staff"
               >
-                Sight Reading
+                Learn Notes
               </button>
               <button
                 className={`toggle-option ${settings.gameMode === 'ear_training' ? 'active' : ''}`}
@@ -305,6 +346,11 @@ function App() {
             micError={error}
             windowWidth={windowWidth}
           />
+        ) : isAssist ? (
+          <AssistMode
+            pitchData={displayedPitch}
+            windowWidth={windowWidth}
+          />
         ) : (
           <SingleNoteTrainer
             ref={singleNoteRef}
@@ -328,13 +374,17 @@ function App() {
                 {listening ? <Mic size={28} /> : <MicOff size={28} />}
               </button>
 
-              <LiveNoteStaff
+              {/* Live staff omitted in Assist mode: the Assist card already
-                midi={displayedPitch ? displayedPitch.midi : null}
+                  shows the played note large above the fretboard. */}
-                transpose={resolveClefTranspose(currentInstrumentDef, settings.difficulty).transpose}
+              {!isAssist && (
-                keySignature={settings.keySignature}
+                <LiveNoteStaff
-                clef={currentInstrumentDef.clefMode === 'treble' ? 'treble' : currentInstrumentDef.clefMode === 'bass' ? 'bass' : undefined}
+                  midi={displayedPitch ? displayedPitch.midi : null}
-                theme={settings.theme}
+                  transpose={resolveClefTranspose(currentInstrumentDef, settings.difficulty).transpose}
-              />
+                  keySignature={settings.keySignature}
+                  clef={currentInstrumentDef.clefMode === 'treble' ? 'treble' : currentInstrumentDef.clefMode === 'bass' ? 'bass' : undefined}
+                  theme={settings.theme}
+                />
+              )}
               <div className={`pitch-readout ${displayedPitch ? 'active' : ''}`}>
                 {displayedPitch ? (
                   <>
@@ -391,6 +441,7 @@ function App() {
                 <>
                   <div className="help-item"><span>Start / Pause / Resume</span><span className="shortcut-key">Space</span></div>
                   <div className="help-item"><span>Preview phrase (Play / Stop)</span><span className="shortcut-key">P</span></div>
+                  <div className="help-item"><span>While previewing: step note forward / back</span><span className="shortcut-key">→ / ←</span></div>
                   <div className="help-item"><span>Retry phrase</span><span className="shortcut-key">R</span></div>
                   <div className="help-item"><span>New melody / next bars</span><span className="shortcut-key">N</span></div>
                   <div className="help-item"><span>Skip note (at your pace)</span><span className="shortcut-key">S</span></div>

src/audio/AudioEngine.ts

@@ -140,8 +140,10 @@ class AudioEngine {
      * Short NON-TONAL metronome click (~10 ms noise burst). Not registered in
      * the pitched-audio gate; instead the mic is blanked for 30 ms so the
      * click itself can't be scored as a pitch (contract E2).
+     * Optional groupId: the click becomes cancellable via cancelGroup (used
+     * by preview clicks so stopping a preview also stops its clicks).
      */
-    playClickAt(time: number, volume = 0.5, accent = false): void {
+    playClickAt(time: number, volume = 0.5, accent = false, groupId?: string): void {
         const ctx = this.ensureContext();
         if (!this.noiseBuffer) {
             const len = Math.floor(ctx.sampleRate * 0.01);
@@ -160,6 +162,11 @@ class AudioEngine {
         src.start(time);
         src.stop(time + 0.02);
         this.clickBlankUntil = Math.max(this.clickBlankUntil, time + 0.03);
+        if (groupId) {
+            // Register as a cancellable node (cast: clicks are buffer sources,
+            // cancelGroup only calls stop() on them, which BufferSource has).
+            this.active.push({ osc: src as unknown as OscillatorNode, gain: gainNode, endsAt: time + 0.02, groupId });
+        }
     }
 
     /** True for ~30 ms after a scheduled click (mic frames should be skipped). */

src/components/AssistMode.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/**
+ * Assist Mode — primitive practice companion for working from paper.
+ *
+ * No trainer, no scoring: shows the currently played (mic-detected) note
+ * large, optionally with a live fretboard of alternative positions for that
+ * note. Tuner and Metronome come from the shared footer tools (Controls),
+ * so they stay identical across all modes.
+ */
+import { INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS, resolveClefTranspose } from '../music/InstrumentConfigs';
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useSettings } from '../context/useSettings';
+import { TUNINGS, getFretboardPositions } from '../music/Tunings';
+import { isFrettedInstrument } from '../music/playableRange';
+import { getPracticeFilter } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
+import { Fretboard } from './Fretboard';
+import { LiveNoteStaff } from './LiveNoteStaff';
+import type { PitchData } from '../hooks/usePitchDetector';
+
+interface AssistModeProps {
+    pitchData: PitchData | null;
+    /** True while the app's own audio is audible (mic gate) — caller decides. */
+    windowWidth: number;
+}
+
+export const AssistMode: React.FC<AssistModeProps> = ({ pitchData, windowWidth }) => {
+    const { settings } = useSettings();
+    const currentTuning = TUNINGS[settings.tuningId];
+    const currentInstrumentDef = INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[settings.instrument];
+
+    const fretted = isFrettedInstrument(settings.instrument) && !!currentTuning;
+    const pf = getPracticeFilter(settings);
+
+    const { clef, transpose } = useMemo(() =>
+        resolveClefTranspose(currentInstrumentDef, settings.difficulty),
+    [currentInstrumentDef, settings.difficulty]);
+
+    // Alternative positions for the detected note (respect fret window filter)
+    const positions = useMemo(() => {
+        if (!fretted || !currentTuning || !pitchData) return [];
+        const all = getFretboardPositions(pitchData.midi, currentTuning, 20);
+        if (!pf.fretWindowEnabled) return all;
+        return all.filter(p => p.fret >= Math.max(0, pf.fretMin) && p.fret <= Math.min(24, pf.fretMax));
+    }, [fretted, currentTuning, pitchData, pf.fretWindowEnabled, pf.fretMin, pf.fretMax]);
+
+    // Full written range of the currently configured pool (strings × frets,
+    // respecting the same filter as the position markers). The staff box is
+    // sized to fit it, so notes render at their TRUE written position with
+    // real ledger lines — no 8va/8vb octave shifting.
+    const range = useMemo(() => {
+        if (!fretted || !currentTuning) return undefined;
+        const strings = pf.strings.length > 0
+            ? currentTuning.strings.filter((_, i) => pf.strings.includes(i))
+            : currentTuning.strings;
+        if (strings.length === 0) return undefined;
+        const lo = pf.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(0, pf.fretMin) : 0;
+        const hi = pf.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.min(24, pf.fretMax) : 24;
+        return {
+            min: Math.min(...strings) + lo + transpose,
+            max: Math.max(...strings) + hi + transpose,
+        };
+    }, [fretted, currentTuning, pf.strings, pf.fretWindowEnabled, pf.fretMin, pf.fretMax, transpose]);
+
+    const staffWidth = Math.min(windowWidth - 40, 860);
+
+    return (
+        <div className="card sheet-music-card assist-card">
+            <div className="assist-note-area">
+                {pitchData ? (
+                    <span className="assist-note-name">{pitchData.note}</span>
+                ) : (
+                    <span className="assist-note-name placeholder">—</span>
+                )}
+            </div>
+
+            <div className="sheet-music-container">
+                <LiveNoteStaff
+                    midi={pitchData ? pitchData.midi : null}
+                    transpose={transpose}
+                    keySignature={settings.keySignature}
+                    clef={clef === 'grand' ? undefined : clef}
+                    width={Math.min(240, staffWidth)}
+                    height={88}
+                    range={range}
+                    theme={settings.theme}
+                />
+            </div>
+
+            {fretted && currentTuning && (
+                <div className="assist-fretboard">
+                    <Fretboard
+                        tuning={currentTuning}
+                        positions={positions}
+                        maxFrets={15}
+                        showHints={true}
+                        interactive={false}
+                        displayTranspose={transpose}
+                    />
+                </div>
+            )}
+        </div>
+    );
+};

src/components/Controls.tsx

@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
-import { Guitar, Music, Gauge } from 'lucide-react';
+import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
-import { TUNINGS, INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS } from '../music/Tunings';
+import { Gauge, SlidersHorizontal } from 'lucide-react';
-import { INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS } from '../music/InstrumentConfigs';
-
 import { TuningMeter } from './TuningMeter';
 import { TargetNoteControls } from './TargetNoteControls';
 import { MetronomeWidget } from './MetronomeWidget';
-
+import { phraseRunBus } from '../hooks/phraseRunBus';
 import { useSettings } from '../context/useSettings';
-import { type Difficulty, type RhythmSettings } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
+import { getPracticeFilter, type RhythmSettings } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
 
 
 
@@ -17,31 +15,13 @@ interface ControlsProps {
 
 export const Controls: React.FC<ControlsProps> = ({ currentPitch }) => {
     const { settings, updateSettings } = useSettings();
-    // Alias to minimize refactor, or just use updateSettings. 
     const onUpdateSettings = updateSettings;
-    const handleTuningChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLSelectElement>) => {
+    // Phrase run gate: the metronome only ticks while the phrase trainer is
-        onUpdateSettings({ ...settings, tuningId: e.target.value });
+    // counting in / playing (armed by the user toggle, fired by the run).
-    };
+    const [phraseRunActive, setPhraseRunActive] = useState(false);
-
+    useEffect(() => phraseRunBus.subscribe(setPhraseRunActive), []);
-    const handleInstrumentChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLSelectElement>) => {
+    // Note-filter panel: hidden by default (minimal UI), toggled here.
-        const newInstrumentId = e.target.value;
+    const [filtersOpen, setFiltersOpen] = useState(false);
-        const instDef = INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[newInstrumentId];
-
-        const defaultRange = instDef.ranges[0].id;
-
-        // Reset tuning if applicable, or just keep as is (it won't be shown/used)
-        let newTuningId = settings.tuningId;
-        if (instDef.showTuning && INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[newInstrumentId as 'guitar' | 'bass']) {
-            newTuningId = INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[newInstrumentId as 'guitar' | 'bass'][0];
-        }
-
-        onUpdateSettings({
-            ...settings,
-            instrument: newInstrumentId,
-            difficulty: defaultRange as Difficulty,
-            tuningId: newTuningId
-        });
-    };
 
     const updateRhythm = (updates: Partial<RhythmSettings>) => {
         onUpdateSettings({
@@ -50,101 +30,46 @@ export const Controls: React.FC<ControlsProps> = ({ currentPitch }) => {
         });
     };
 
-    // Cast instrument to specific key if needed, or use generic record access
-    const availableTunings = INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[settings.instrument as 'guitar' | 'bass'] || [];
-    const currentInstrumentDef = INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[settings.instrument];
-
-
-
-    // Phrase Mode brings its own key/tempo machinery; the single-note
-    // key-signature select and metronome tool would be competing controls.
     const inPhraseMode = settings.gameMode === 'phrase';
 
+    const pf = getPracticeFilter(settings);
+    const activeFilterCount =
+        (pf.keyEnabled ? 1 : 0) +
+        (pf.strings.length > 0 ? 1 : 0) +
+        (pf.fretWindowEnabled ? 1 : 0);
+
+    // Phrase Mode hosts the filter inside its Setup panel (above the
+    // notation) — no footer filter button there.
+    const showFilterButton = !inPhraseMode;
+    const shouldShowFilters = showFilterButton && filtersOpen;
+
     return (
         <div className="controls-container">
-            {/* Top Section: Settings Grid (2 Columns) */}
+            {/* Note filter: collapsed behind a button — visible only when needed */}
-            <div className="settings-grid">
+            {showFilterButton && (
-                {/* Row 1, Col 1 */}
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', marginBottom: '8px' }}>
-                <div className="control-group">
+                <button
-                    <label className="control-label">
+                    className={`hint-button ${filtersOpen ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                        <Music size={18} />
+                    onClick={() => setFiltersOpen(o => !o)}
-                        <span>Instrument</span>
+                    title="Limit the notes used for exercises (key, strings, fret window)"
-                    </label>
+                >
-                    <select
+                    <SlidersHorizontal size={16} />
-                        value={settings.instrument}
+                    Filter
-                        onChange={handleInstrumentChange}
+                    {activeFilterCount > 0 && (
-                        className="control-select"
+                        <span style={{
-                    >
+                            display: 'inline-block', minWidth: '18px', padding: '1px 5px',
-                        {Object.values(INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS).map(def => (
+                            marginLeft: '4px', borderRadius: '9px', fontSize: '11px',
-                            <option key={def.id} value={def.id}>{def.displayName}</option>
+                            background: 'var(--color-primary)', color: 'var(--color-surface)',
-                        ))}
+                            fontWeight: 600, textAlign: 'center'
-                    </select>
+                        }}>{activeFilterCount}</span>
-                </div>
+                    )}
-
+                </button>
-                {/* Row 1, Col 2 (Conditional) */}
-                {currentInstrumentDef.showTuning ? (
-                    <div className="control-group">
-                        <label className="control-label">
-                            <Guitar size={18} />
-                            <span>Tuning</span>
-                        </label>
-                        <select
-                            value={settings.tuningId}
-                            onChange={handleTuningChange}
-                            className="control-select"
-                        >
-                            {availableTunings.map(id => (
-                                <option key={id} value={id}>{TUNINGS[id].name}</option>
-                            ))}
-                        </select>
-                    </div>
-                ) : <div />} {/* Spacer to maintain grid flow if needed, or omit to let items flow. User asked for specific rows. 
-                             If I omit, Note Set goes here. Let's omit for "Dense" feel, or keep empty div for strict rows? 
-                             The request "Top row: instrument and tuning" implies if tuning is missing, maybe just 1 item? 
-                             I'll output an empty div if I want to FORCE strict placement, but generally flow is better. 
-                             However, "Second row: note set..." suggests structure. 
-                             I will use an empty div if tuning is hidden to push Note Set to next row? 
-                             Actually, grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr. 
-                             If Tuning is hidden, Note Set becomes Item 2. 
-                             I'll forgo complexity and just render what's available. */}
-
-                {/* Row 2, Col 2 */}
-                {!inPhraseMode && (
-                <div className="control-group">
-                    <label className="control-label">
-                        <span>Key signature</span>
-                    </label>
-                    <select
-                        value={settings.keySignature}
-                        onChange={(e) => onUpdateSettings({ ...settings, keySignature: e.target.value })}
-                        className="control-select"
-                    >
-                        <optgroup label="Major Keys">
-                            <option value="C">C Major</option>
-                            <option value="G">G Major</option>
-                            <option value="D">D Major</option>
-                            <option value="A">A Major</option>
-                            <option value="E">E Major</option>
-                            <option value="F">F Major</option>
-                            <option value="Bb">Bb Major</option>
-                            <option value="Eb">Eb Major</option>
-                        </optgroup>
-                        <optgroup label="Minor Keys">
-                            <option value="Am">A Minor</option>
-                            <option value="Em">E Minor</option>
-                            <option value="Dm">D Minor</option>
-                        </optgroup>
-                    </select>
-                </div>
-                )}
-
             </div>
+            )}
+            {shouldShowFilters && <TargetNoteControls />}
 
-            {/* Target-note filter: unified controls, all modes */}
+            {/* Bottom Section: Tools Grid (stacked in all modes) */}
-            <TargetNoteControls />
+            <div className="tools-grid" style={{ gridTemplateColumns: '1fr' }}>
-
-            {/* Bottom Section: Tools Grid (2 Columns now) */}
-            <div className="tools-grid" style={inPhraseMode ? { gridTemplateColumns: '1fr' } : undefined}>
                 {/* Tool 1: Tuner */}
                 <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '8px', border: '1px solid rgba(128,128,128,0.2)', padding: '12px', borderRadius: '8px' }}>
                     <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
@@ -161,7 +86,7 @@ export const Controls: React.FC<ControlsProps> = ({ currentPitch }) => {
                         </button>
                     </div>
                     {settings.showTuningMeter && (
-                        <div style={{ paddingTop: '8px', borderTop: '1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 10%, transparent)' }}>
+                        <div style={{ paddingTop: '8px', borderTop: '1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 10%, transparent)', display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center' }}>
                             <TuningMeter
                                 cents={currentPitch ? currentPitch.cents : null}
                                 noteName={currentPitch ? currentPitch.note : null}
@@ -176,6 +101,8 @@ export const Controls: React.FC<ControlsProps> = ({ currentPitch }) => {
                         rhythm={settings.rhythm}
                         onUpdate={updateRhythm}
                         showAutoAdvance={!inPhraseMode}
+                        syncMode={inPhraseMode ? 'option' : null}
+                        gate={inPhraseMode ? phraseRunActive : null}
                     />
                 </div>
 

src/components/LiveNoteStaff.tsx

@@ -21,14 +21,45 @@ interface LiveNoteStaffProps {
      *  clef auto-switches treble/bass around middle C (piano-style). */
     clef?: 'treble' | 'bass';
     width?: number;
+    /** Box height. 64px matches the mic bar; larger boxes (e.g. 88px in
+     *  Assist mode) give ledger lines room inside instead of being clipped
+     *  by the parent's overflow: hidden. Ignored when `range` is set. */
+    height?: number;
+    /** Written-pitch range the box must fit WITHOUT octave shifting.
+     *  When set, notes render at their true staff position with real ledger
+     *  lines (no 8va/8vb marker) and the box height is computed from the
+     *  range so every note in it stays inside the box. */
+    range?: { min: number; max: number };
     theme?: 'light' | 'dark' | 'auto';
 }
 
 const BOX_H = 64;   // mic button height — vertical centering via the bar
 // VexFlow draws the first stave line ~40.5px BELOW the constructor y
-// (default space_above_staff_ln = 4 line-spaces). To center a 38px staff in
+// (default space_above_staff_ln = 4 line-spaces). To center the ~38px staff
-// the 64px box the constructor y must be negative.
+// in a box of height h the constructor y must be negative. For h = 64 this
-const STAVE_Y = -28;
+// yields -27.5 ≈ -28 (the original hardcoded value).
+const staveYFor = (h: number) => (h - 38) / 2 - 40.5;
+
+// Diatonic index (C0 = 0, one step per letter name) for ledger-line math.
+const DI_STEP = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11];
+const diFromMidi = (m: number) => Math.floor(m / 12 - 1) * 7 + DI_STEP[m % 12];
+// Top/bottom staff-line diatonic index per clef (treble F5/E4, bass A3/G2).
+const CLEF_LINES: Record<'treble' | 'bass', { top: number; bottom: number }> = {
+    treble: { top: 38, bottom: 30 },
+    bass: { top: 26, bottom: 18 },
+};
+// One diatonic step = half a staff space = 5px (standard 10px spaces).
+// Box that fits a whole written range: staff anchored below the top
+// headroom so the highest note has room for its ledger lines, lowest note
+// the same at the bottom.
+const rangeLayout = (range: { min: number; max: number }, clef: 'treble' | 'bass') => {
+    const lines = CLEF_LINES[clef];
+    const aboveLines = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((diFromMidi(range.max) - lines.top) / 2));
+    const belowLines = Math.max(0, Math.ceil((lines.bottom - diFromMidi(range.min)) / 2));
+    const abovePx = aboveLines * 10 + 10;   // + notehead margin
+    const belowPx = belowLines * 10 + 10;
+    return { height: abovePx + 38 + belowPx, y: abovePx - 40.5 };
+};
 
 export const LiveNoteStaff: React.FC<LiveNoteStaffProps> = ({
     midi,
@@ -36,9 +67,18 @@ export const LiveNoteStaff: React.FC<LiveNoteStaffProps> = ({
     keySignature = 'C',
     clef: clefOverride,
     width = 130,
+    height = BOX_H,
+    range,
     theme = 'auto',
 }) => {
     const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+    // Box geometry: range-fit wins over the fixed height prop.
+    const fit = range
+        ? rangeLayout(range, clefOverride ?? 'treble')
+        : { height, y: staveYFor(height) };
+    const boxH = fit.height;
+    const staveY = fit.y;
     const [schemeVersion, setSchemeVersion] = useState(0);
     useEffect(() => {
         const mq = window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)');
@@ -53,7 +93,7 @@ export const LiveNoteStaff: React.FC<LiveNoteStaffProps> = ({
         container.innerHTML = '';
 
         const renderer = new Renderer(container, Renderer.Backends.SVG);
-        renderer.resize(width, BOX_H);
+        renderer.resize(width, boxH);
         const context = renderer.getContext();
 
         const resolvedColor =
@@ -63,7 +103,7 @@ export const LiveNoteStaff: React.FC<LiveNoteStaffProps> = ({
         context.setFillStyle(resolvedColor);
         context.setStrokeStyle(resolvedColor);
 
-        const stave = new Stave(0, STAVE_Y, width - 2);
+        const stave = new Stave(0, staveY, width - 2);
         stave.setDefaultLedgerLineStyle({ strokeStyle: resolvedColor, lineWidth: 2 });
         const written0 = midi !== null ? midi + transpose : null;
         // Instrument-fixed clef when provided (guitar always treble, bass
@@ -79,13 +119,17 @@ export const LiveNoteStaff: React.FC<LiveNoteStaffProps> = ({
             //   treble: staff E4..F5 (+ up to two ledger lines each way)
             //   bass:   staff G2..A3 (+ up to two ledger lines each way)
             let written = written0!;
+            // Range-fit mode renders the TRUE written position with real
+            // ledger lines — no 8va/8vb shifting.
             let octaveMark: '8va' | '8vb' | null = null;
-            if (clef === 'treble') {
+            if (!range) {
-                while (written < 58) { written += 12; octaveMark = '8vb'; }
+                if (clef === 'treble') {
-                while (written > 81) { written -= 12; octaveMark = '8va'; }
+                    while (written < 58) { written += 12; octaveMark = '8vb'; }
-            } else {
+                    while (written > 81) { written -= 12; octaveMark = '8va'; }
-                while (written < 40) { written += 12; octaveMark = '8vb'; }
+                } else {
-                while (written > 61) { written -= 12; octaveMark = '8va'; }
+                    while (written < 40) { written += 12; octaveMark = '8vb'; }
+                    while (written > 61) { written -= 12; octaveMark = '8va'; }
+                }
             }
 
             const spec = getNoteInKey(written, keySignature);
@@ -113,13 +157,13 @@ export const LiveNoteStaff: React.FC<LiveNoteStaffProps> = ({
             new Formatter().joinVoices([voice]).format([voice], width - 40);
             voice.draw(context, stave);
         }
-    }, [midi, transpose, keySignature, clefOverride, width, theme, schemeVersion]);
+    }, [midi, transpose, keySignature, clefOverride, width, boxH, staveY, range, theme, schemeVersion]);
 
     return (
         <div
             ref={containerRef}
             className="live-note-staff"
-            style={{ width, height: BOX_H }}
+            style={{ width, height: boxH }}
             role="img"
             aria-label={midi !== null ? 'Currently played note' : 'No note currently detected'}
         />

src/components/MetronomeWidget.tsx

@@ -1,145 +1,198 @@
 /**
- * Metronome widget with a linear pendulum indicator.
+ * Metronome widget — always-visible tempo controls + pendulum.
  *
- * The pendulum is a CSS-animated dot whose half-period equals one beat:
+ * Modes:
- * it travels left→right on even beats and right→left on odd beats, driven
+ * - Plain (single-note modes): one on/off toggle arms sound + animation.
- * by the metronome's onTick callback (no drift — synced to the audible
+ * - Sync option (Phrase Mode): the toggle switches between
- * click, not to wall-clock CSS timing alone).
+ *     * FREE — the metronome runs independently (own clock, starts as soon
+ *       as toggled, with or without clicks per the sound checkbox)
+ *     * SYNC — the metronome starts with the exercise (count-in included),
+ *       is silent while idle, and its pendulum mirrors the run's beats.
+ *
+ * Exactly ONE sound checkbox exists (here). In sync mode it governs the
+ * run's click scheduler too — clicks can never double.
  */
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useMetronome } from '../hooks/useMetronome';
 import { getTempoMarking } from '../music/TempoMarkings';
+import { phraseBeatBus } from '../hooks/phraseBeatBus';
+import { audioEngine } from '../audio/AudioEngine';
 import type { RhythmSettings } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
 
 interface MetronomeWidgetProps {
     rhythm: RhythmSettings;
-    /** Persist changes (bpm, active, sound). Auto-advance is single-note only. */
+    /** Persist changes. */
     onUpdate: (updates: Partial<RhythmSettings>) => void;
     /** Single-note mode extra: auto-advance targets on each tick. */
     showAutoAdvance?: boolean;
-    onBeat?: () => void;
     /** Compact layout (phrase transport row). */
     compact?: boolean;
+    /** 'option': show the sync checkbox (Phrase Mode) that replaces the pace
+     *  dropdown: checked = clicks/beats only with the exercise (preview &
+     *  run, count-in included); unchecked = free-running metronome.
+     *  null: plain on/off (single-note modes). */
+    syncMode?: 'option' | null;
+    /** External gate (sync mode): true while the exercise runs. */
+    gate?: boolean | null;
 }
 
 export const MetronomeWidget: React.FC<MetronomeWidgetProps> = ({
     rhythm,
     onUpdate,
     showAutoAdvance = false,
-    onBeat,
     compact = false,
+    syncMode = null,
+    gate = null,
 }) => {
-    // Single metronome instance: drives both the audible click and the
-    // pendulum parity flip (perfectly in sync).
     const [beatParity, setBeatParity] = useState(0);
     const lastTickRef = useRef(0);
-    const onBeatRef = useRef(onBeat);
-    useEffect(() => { onBeatRef.current = onBeat; }, [onBeat]);
-
     const handleTick = useCallback((beat: number) => {
         const now = performance.now();
-        // Ignore double-fires within 60ms (audio glitch guard)
+        if (now - lastTickRef.current < 60) return; // glitch guard
-        if (now - lastTickRef.current < 60) return;
         lastTickRef.current = now;
         setBeatParity(beat % 2);
-        onBeatRef.current?.();
     }, []);
 
+    const isSync = syncMode === 'option' && !!rhythm.syncToExercise;
+    const runActive = gate === true;
+    // Phrase mode (syncMode 'option') has no on/off switch — the sync
+    // checkbox replaces it (unchecked = free metronome, checked = synced to
+    // the exercise), so the metronome is always armed there. Gating on
+    // rhythm.active would leave phrase users with no way to enable clicks.
+    const armed = syncMode === 'option' ? true : rhythm.active;
+    // Sync: pendulum/click only while the run is active (the run's scheduler
+    // is the click source; the widget's own scheduler stays off).
+    // Free/plain: the widget's own scheduler runs whenever armed.
+    const running = isSync ? runActive : armed;
+
+    // Timer mode = one beat per N seconds: effective BPM 60/seconds so
+    // clicks and pendulum match the trainer's auto-advance cadence.
+    const effectiveBpm = rhythm.mode === 'bpm' ? rhythm.bpm : 60 / Math.max(1, rhythm.seconds);
+
     const { restart } = useMetronome({
-        bpm: rhythm.bpm,
+        bpm: effectiveBpm,
         volume: rhythm.sound ? rhythm.volume : 0,
-        playing: rhythm.active,
+        playing: running && !isSync,
         onTick: handleTick,
     });
     void restart;
 
-    const beatMs = 60000 / Math.max(1, rhythm.bpm);
+    // Sync: pendulum mirrors the phrase run's beats (audio-time scheduled).
+    useEffect(() => {
+        if (!isSync || !runActive) return;
+        return phraseBeatBus.subscribe((_beat, at) => {
+            const delay = Math.max(0, (at - audioEngine.now()) * 1000);
+            window.setTimeout(() => setBeatParity(p => (p + 1) % 2), delay);
+        });
+    }, [isSync, runActive]);
+
+    const beatMs = 60000 / Math.max(1, effectiveBpm);
 
     return (
         <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '8px' }}>
+            {/* Header: label + mode toggle */}
             <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
                 <label className="control-label" style={{ marginBottom: 0 }}>
                     <span>Metronome</span>
                 </label>
-                <button
+                {syncMode === 'option' ? (
-                    className={`switch-button ${rhythm.active ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                    <label style={{ fontSize: '10px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
-                    onClick={() => onUpdate({ active: !rhythm.active })}
+                        <input
-                    title={rhythm.active ? 'Turn Off' : 'Turn On'}
+                            type="checkbox"
-                >
+                            checked={!!rhythm.syncToExercise}
-                    <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                            onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ syncToExercise: e.target.checked })}
-                </button>
+                        />
+                        Sync to exercise
+                    </label>
+                ) : (
+                    <button
+                        className={`switch-button ${rhythm.active ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                        onClick={() => onUpdate({ active: !rhythm.active })}
+                        title={rhythm.active ? 'Turn Off' : 'Turn On (sound + pendulum)'}
+                    >
+                        <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                    </button>
+                )}
             </div>
 
-            {rhythm.active && (
+            {/* Always visible body; dimmed when disarmed */}
-                <div className="rhythm-details" style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '6px', paddingTop: '8px', borderTop: '1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1)' }}>
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '6px', paddingTop: '8px', borderTop: '1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1)', opacity: armed ? 1 : 0.5 }}>
-                    {/* Linear pendulum — same element, left transitions each beat */}
+                {/* Pendulum */}
+                <div
+                    style={{
+                        position: 'relative',
+                        height: compact ? 14 : 18,
+                        borderRadius: 9,
+                        background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 8%, transparent)',
+                        overflow: 'hidden',
+                    }}
+                    aria-hidden
+                >
                     <div
                         style={{
-                            position: 'relative',
+                            position: 'absolute',
-                            height: compact ? 14 : 18,
+                            top: '50%',
-                            borderRadius: 9,
+                            left: beatParity === 0 ? '6%' : '88%',
-                            background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 8%, transparent)',
+                            width: compact ? 10 : 12,
-                            overflow: 'hidden',
+                            height: compact ? 10 : 12,
+                            borderRadius: '50%',
+                            background: 'var(--color-text-main)',
+                            transform: 'translateY(-50%)',
+                            transition: `left ${beatMs}ms linear`,
+                            display: armed && running ? 'block' : 'none',
                         }}
-                        aria-hidden
+                    />
-                    >
+                </div>
-                        <div
-                            style={{
-                                position: 'absolute',
-                                top: '50%',
-                                left: beatParity === 0 ? '6%' : '88%',
-                                width: compact ? 10 : 12,
-                                height: compact ? 10 : 12,
-                                borderRadius: '50%',
-                                background: 'var(--color-text-main)',
-                                transform: 'translateY(-50%)',
-                                transition: `left ${beatMs}ms linear`,
-                            }}
-                        />
-                    </div>
 
-                    {rhythm.mode === 'bpm' || compact ? (
+                {/* BPM / Timer controls */}
-                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '4px' }}>
+                <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
-                            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                    {!compact && (
-                                <button
+                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '4px', flexShrink: 0 }}>
-                                    className="control-button small"
+                            <button
-                                    onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(30, rhythm.bpm - 1) })}
+                                className={`control-button small ${rhythm.mode === 'bpm' ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                                    style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ mode: 'bpm' })}
-                                >
+                                style={{ fontSize: '10px' }}
-                                    −
+                            >BPM</button>
-                                </button>
+                            <button
-                                <input
+                                className={`control-button small ${rhythm.mode === 'seconds' ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                                    type="number"
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ mode: 'seconds' })}
-                                    min="30"
+                                style={{ fontSize: '10px' }}
-                                    max="300"
+                            >Timer</button>
-                                    value={rhythm.bpm}
-                                    onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(1, parseInt(e.target.value) || 60) })}
-                                    className="control-input"
-                                    style={{ width: '48px', textAlign: 'center', padding: '2px' }}
-                                />
-                                <button
-                                    className="control-button small"
-                                    onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.min(300, rhythm.bpm + 1) })}
-                                    style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
-                                >
-                                    +
-                                </button>
-                                <input
-                                    type="range"
-                                    min="30"
-                                    max="240"
-                                    step="1"
-                                    value={rhythm.bpm}
-                                    onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Number(e.target.value) })}
-                                    style={{ flex: 1 }}
-                                />
-                            </div>
-                            <div style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, textAlign: 'center' }}>
-                                {getTempoMarking(rhythm.bpm)}
-                            </div>
                         </div>
+                    )}
+                    {rhythm.mode === 'bpm' ? (
+                        <>
+                            <button
+                                className="control-button small"
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(30, rhythm.bpm - 1) })}
+                                style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
+                            >−</button>
+                            <input
+                                type="number"
+                                min="30"
+                                max="300"
+                                value={rhythm.bpm}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.max(1, parseInt(e.target.value) || 60) })}
+                                className="control-input"
+                                style={{ width: '48px', textAlign: 'center', padding: '2px' }}
+                            />
+                            <button
+                                className="control-button small"
+                                onClick={() => onUpdate({ bpm: Math.min(300, rhythm.bpm + 1) })}
+                                style={{ width: '24px', padding: '0', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center' }}
+                            >+</button>
+                            <input
+                                type="range"
+                                min="30"
+                                max="240"
+                                step="1"
+                                value={rhythm.bpm}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ bpm: Number(e.target.value) })}
+                                style={{ flex: 1 }}
+                            />
+                        </>
                     ) : (
-                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                        <>
                             <span style={{ fontSize: '12px', minWidth: '32px' }}>{rhythm.seconds}s</span>
                             <input
                                 type="range"
@@ -150,31 +203,37 @@ export const MetronomeWidget: React.FC<MetronomeWidgetProps> = ({
                                 onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ seconds: Number(e.target.value) })}
                                 style={{ flex: 1 }}
                             />
-                        </div>
+                        </>
                     )}
+                </div>
+                {rhythm.mode === 'bpm' && (
+                    <div style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, textAlign: 'center' }}>
+                        {getTempoMarking(rhythm.bpm)}
+                    </div>
+                )}
 
-                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center' }}>
+                {/* Options row */}
-                        {showAutoAdvance ? (
+                <div style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'space-between', alignItems: 'center' }}>
-                            <label style={{ fontSize: '10px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                    {showAutoAdvance ? (
-                                <input
-                                    type="checkbox"
-                                    checked={rhythm.autoAdvance}
-                                    onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ autoAdvance: e.target.checked })}
-                                />
-                                Auto
-                            </label>
-                        ) : <span />}
                         <label style={{ fontSize: '10px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
                             <input
                                 type="checkbox"
-                                checked={rhythm.sound}
+                                checked={rhythm.autoAdvance}
-                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ sound: e.target.checked })}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ autoAdvance: e.target.checked })}
                             />
-                            Sound
+                            Auto
                         </label>
-                    </div>
+                    ) : <span />}
+                    <label style={{ fontSize: '10px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '4px' }}>
+                        <input
+                            type="checkbox"
+                            checked={rhythm.sound}
+                            onChange={(e) => onUpdate({ sound: e.target.checked })}
+                        />
+                        Click sound
+                    </label>
                 </div>
-            )}
+            </div>
         </div>
     );
 };

src/components/PhraseSheetMusic.tsx

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  *   microphone frame rate.
  */
 import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
-import { Renderer, Stave, StaveNote, GhostNote, Accidental, Voice, Formatter, StaveConnector, Beam, StaveTie, Annotation } from 'vexflow';
+import { Renderer, Stave, StaveNote, GhostNote, Accidental, Voice, Formatter, StaveConnector, Beam, StaveTie, Annotation, Dot } from 'vexflow';
 import { scoreEvents, type Score } from '../score/model';
 import { STEP_LETTERS, type StepLetter } from '../score/model';
 import type { NoteStatus } from '../game/PhraseMatcher';
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ interface Fragment {
     ticks: number;
     isAttack: boolean;
     isEighth: boolean;
+    isSixteenth: boolean;
     staveKey: 'treble' | 'bass';
     rest: boolean;
 }
@@ -47,7 +48,9 @@ interface Fragment {
 // Duration ticks → VexFlow duration code (subset the model guarantees).
 function durationCode(ticks: number): string | null {
     switch (ticks) {
+        case 120: return '16';
         case 240: return '8';
+        case 360: return '8d';
         case 480: return '4';
         case 720: return '4d';
         case 960: return '2';
@@ -102,7 +105,12 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
 
     const events = scoreEvents(score);
     const totalBars = score.measures.length;
-    const barsPerRow = Math.max(1, Math.min(4, Math.floor((width - 40) / 210)));
+    // Min width per bar grows with notation density (eighths/16ths need more
+    // horizontal room than quarters) so narrow screens wrap into more rows
+    // instead of clipping notes.
+    const densestTick = Math.min(...events.filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.durationTicks), 1920);
+    const minWidthPerBar = densestTick <= 120 ? 500 : densestTick <= 240 ? 330 : 240;
+    const barsPerRow = Math.max(1, Math.min(4, Math.floor((width - 40) / minWidthPerBar)));
     const rowCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(totalBars / barsPerRow));
     const isGrand = clef === 'grand';
     const rowHeight = isGrand ? 250 : 140;
@@ -162,6 +170,11 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
                     const ticks = fragEnd - cursor;
                     const code = durationCode(ticks);
                     if (!code) { cursor = fragEnd; continue; }
+                    // 'd' suffix encodes a dotted duration; the visible dot is
+                    // a modifier that must be added explicitly (VexFlow only
+                    // reads the base duration for spacing otherwise).
+                    const isDotted = code.endsWith('d');
+                    const baseCode = isDotted ? code.slice(0, -1) : code;
 
                     const rest = ev.pitch === null;
                     const staveKey: 'treble' | 'bass' = rest
@@ -171,7 +184,7 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
 
                     let note: StaveNote;
                     if (rest) {
-                        note = new StaveNote({ keys: ['b/4'], duration: `${code}r`, clef: staveKey });
+                        note = new StaveNote({ keys: ['b/4'], duration: `${baseCode}r`, clef: staveKey });
                     } else {
                         const p = ev.pitch!;
                         // WRITTEN pitch for the staff: sounding midi + display
@@ -192,9 +205,10 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
                         measureState[stateKey] = written.alter;
                         note = new StaveNote({
                             keys: [keyString(written.step, written.alter, written.octave)],
-                            duration: code,
+                            duration: baseCode,
                             clef: staveKey,
                         });
+                        if (isDotted) Dot.buildAndAttach([note]);
                         if (glyph) note.addModifier(new Accidental(glyph));
                     }
 
@@ -226,6 +240,7 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
                         ticks,
                         isAttack,
                         isEighth: code === '8' && !rest,
+                        isSixteenth: code === '16' && !rest,
                         staveKey,
                         rest,
                     });
@@ -262,6 +277,14 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
                     if (r === 0) treble.addTimeSignature(`${score.meter.numerator}/${score.meter.denominator}`);
                     treble.setMeasure(measure.number);
                 }
+                // Chord symbol above the staff (bar-indexed), drawn via the
+                // stave's annotation area so it shifts with the clef offset.
+                const chordSym = score.chordSymbols?.[m];
+                if (chordSym) {
+                    try {
+                        treble.setSection(chordSym, 0);
+                    } catch { /* courtesy label — never fatal */ }
+                }
                 let bass: Stave | null = null;
                 if (isGrand) {
                     bass = new Stave(x, y + 130, barWidth);
@@ -301,14 +324,38 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
                     voices.push(buildVoice(treble, () => true));
                 }
 
-                const formatWidth = Math.max(60, barWidth - (isFirstOfRow ? 92 : 16));
+                const formatWidth = Math.max(60, barWidth - (isFirstOfRow ? 100 : 24));
                 const formatter = new Formatter();
                 formatter.joinVoices(voices.map(v => v.voice));
                 formatter.format(voices.map(v => v.voice), formatWidth);
 
+                // --- Beams: BEFORE drawing notes. setBeam must happen prior to
+                // voice.draw — VexFlow decides flag vs beam on this.beam at
+                // draw time; registering late leaves BOTH flag and beam.
+                const beamPairs: { a: Fragment; b2: Fragment }[] = [];
+                const beamed = frags.filter(f => (f.isEighth || f.isSixteenth) && f.note instanceof StaveNote);
+                for (let i = 0; i + 1 < beamed.length; i++) {
+                    const a = beamed[i], b2 = beamed[i + 1];
+                    if (a.staveKey !== b2.staveKey) continue;
+                    const step = a.isSixteenth ? 120 : 240;
+                    if (b2.start - a.start !== step) continue;
+                    if ((a.ticks !== step) || (b2.ticks !== step)) continue;
+                    const beatA = Math.floor((a.start - measureStart) / 480);
+                    const beatB = Math.floor((b2.start - measureStart) / 480);
+                    if (beatA === beatB) beamPairs.push({ a, b2 });
+                }
+                // Apply beams to notes FIRST (suppresses flags), then draw.
+                const beams = beamPairs.map(({ a, b2 }) => {
+                    const beam = new Beam([a.note, b2.note], false);
+                    a.note.setBeam(beam);
+                    b2.note.setBeam(beam);
+                    return beam;
+                });
+
                 treble.setContext(context).draw();
                 if (bass) bass.setContext(context).draw();
                 for (const { voice, stave } of voices) voice.draw(context, stave);
+                for (const beam of beams) beam.setContext(context).draw();
 
                 if (isGrand && isFirstOfRow) {
                     const brace = new StaveConnector(treble, bass!);
@@ -319,19 +366,6 @@ export const PhraseSheetMusic: React.FC<PhraseSheetMusicProps> = ({
                     line.setContext(context).draw();
                 }
 
-                // --- Beams: consecutive eighth pairs within one beat ---
-                const eighths = frags.filter(f => f.isEighth && f.note instanceof StaveNote);
-                for (let i = 0; i + 1 < eighths.length; i++) {
-                    const a = eighths[i], b2 = eighths[i + 1];
-                    if (a.staveKey !== b2.staveKey) continue;
-                    if (b2.start - a.start !== 240) continue;
-                    const beatA = Math.floor((a.start - measureStart) / 480);
-                    const beatB = Math.floor((b2.start - measureStart) / 480);
-                    if (beatA === beatB) {
-                        const beam = new Beam([a.note, b2.note], false);
-                        beam.setContext(context).draw();
-                    }
-                }
             }
 
             // --- Ties between consecutive fragments of one event (this row) ---

src/components/PhraseTrainer.tsx

@@ -13,29 +13,34 @@ import { forwardRef, useCallback, useEffect, useImperativeHandle, useMemo, useRe
 import { useSettings } from '../context/useSettings';
 import { useAudioPlayer } from '../hooks/useAudioPlayer';
 import { usePhraseTrainer, type PhraseTrainerApi, type PhrasePhase } from '../hooks/usePhraseTrainer';
-import { getPhraseSettings, getPracticeFilter, type PhraseSettings, type PracticeFilter } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
+import { getPhraseSettings, getPracticeFilter, type PhraseSettings } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
 import { rawFrameCount } from '../hooks/rawFrameBus';
 import { audioEngine } from '../audio/AudioEngine';
-import { computePlayableNotes, isFrettedInstrument, positionsWithinWindow, fretWindowNotes } from '../music/playableRange';
+import { computePlayableNotes, isFrettedInstrument, positionsWithinWindow } from '../music/playableRange';
 import { generateMelody } from '../music/melodyGenerator';
 import { generateScaleDrill } from '../music/scaleDrills';
+import { generateArpeggio, type ArpeggioDegree } from '../music/arpeggioGenerator';
+import { generateGiulianiStudy, GIULIANI_PATTERN_LABELS, type GiulianiPattern } from '../music/giulianiGenerator';
 import { isMode, type ModeId } from '../music/scales';
+import { ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS } from '../music/arpeggioGenerator';
 import { scoreEvents, type Result, type Score, type ScoreEvent } from '../score/model';
 import { getNoteDetails } from '../music/NoteUtils';
 import { EXERCISES, loadExercise } from '../exercises/library';
 import { parseAbc } from '../exercises/abcParser';
 import { PhraseSheetMusic } from './PhraseSheetMusic';
+import { TargetNoteControls } from './TargetNoteControls';
 import { Fretboard } from './Fretboard';
 import { PianoKeys } from './PianoKeys';
 import { TUNINGS, getFretboardPositions } from '../music/Tunings';
 import { INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS, resolveClefTranspose } from '../music/InstrumentConfigs';
 const AUTO_CONTINUE_DELAY_MS = 1500;
 
-import { Play, Pause, RotateCcw, SkipForward, Volume2, Square, ChevronDown, Music2, Upload, HelpCircle, Guitar } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Play, Pause, RotateCcw, SkipForward, SkipBack, Volume2, ChevronDown, Music2, Upload, HelpCircle, Guitar } from 'lucide-react';
 
 export interface PhraseHandle {
     pauseToggle: () => void;
     previewToggle: () => void;
+    previewStep: (dir: 1 | -1) => void;
     retry: () => void;
     skip: () => void;
     next: () => void;
@@ -68,31 +73,29 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
         const setSettings = updateSettings;
         const { playNote } = useAudioPlayer();
         const phrase = getPhraseSettings(settings);
-        // Unified target-note controls: Phrase Mode reads/writes the shared
+        // Unified target-note controls: Phrase Mode reads the shared practice
-        // practice filter so all modes expose identical key/fret-window state.
+        // filter (single source of truth across all modes).
         const pf = getPracticeFilter(settings);
-        phrase.keyTonic = pf.keyTonic;
-        phrase.keyMode = pf.keyMode;
-        phrase.fretWindowEnabled = pf.fretWindowEnabled;
-        phrase.fretMin = pf.fretMin;
-        phrase.fretMax = pf.fretMax;
         // Unified metronome: phrase tempo reads from the shared rhythm BPM
         // (single source of truth across modes; the phrase-local BPM control
         // was replaced by the common metronome widget in Controls).
         phrase.bpm = settings.rhythm.bpm;
+        // Pace is now DERIVED from the metronome widget's sync checkbox:
+        // checked = tempo (sync), unchecked = step (at your pace).
+        const pace: PhraseSettings['pace'] = settings.rhythm.syncToExercise ? 'tempo' : 'step';
+        phrase.pace = pace;
+        // Click decision — ONE source: the metronome widget's sound checkbox.
+        // Phrase mode has no metronome on/off switch (the sync checkbox
+        // replaces it, see MetronomeWidget), so rhythm.active must NOT gate
+        // clicks here — with the default active:false a synced run would
+        // stay silent with no way to fix it from this mode.
+        // - Sync (tempo): run clicks when sound is on (count-in included);
+        //   the widget stays silent while idle.
+        // - Free metronome (step): the widget clicks freely; the run stays
+        //   silent to avoid doubling.
+        phrase.clickSound = settings.rhythm.sound;
         const setPhrase = useCallback((updates: Partial<PhraseSettings>) => {
-            updateSettings(s => {
+            updateSettings(s => ({ ...s, phrase: { ...getPhraseSettings(s), ...updates } }));
-                const next = { ...s, phrase: { ...getPhraseSettings(s), ...updates } };
-                // Mirror shared filter fields into the unified practice filter.
-                const shared: Partial<PracticeFilter> = {};
-                if ('keyTonic' in updates) shared.keyTonic = updates.keyTonic;
-                if ('keyMode' in updates) shared.keyMode = updates.keyMode;
-                if ('fretWindowEnabled' in updates) shared.fretWindowEnabled = updates.fretWindowEnabled;
-                if ('fretMin' in updates) shared.fretMin = updates.fretMin;
-                if ('fretMax' in updates) shared.fretMax = updates.fretMax;
-                if (Object.keys(shared).length > 0) next.practice = { ...getPracticeFilter(s), ...shared };
-                return next;
-            });
         }, [updateSettings]);
         const currentInstrumentDef = INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[settings.instrument];
         const currentTuning = TUNINGS[settings.tuningId];
@@ -100,39 +103,22 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
 
         // ---- Playable pool ----------------------------------------------------
         const pool = useMemo(() => {
-            // Unified filter: strings ∩ fret window take precedence for fretted
+            // Unified filter: strings ∩ fret window, computed identically to
-            // instruments (same semantics as the single-note modes).
+            // the single-note modes (full 0–12 fretboard when no filter is
-            if (fretted && currentTuning && (pf.strings.length > 0 || pf.fretWindowEnabled)) {
+            // active — the legacy difficulty ranges no longer apply).
+            if (fretted && currentTuning) {
                 const all = currentTuning.strings;
                 const selected = pf.strings.length > 0
                     ? all.filter((_, i) => pf.strings.includes(i))
                     : all;
-                if (selected.length > 0) {
+                if (selected.length === 0) return [];
-                    if (pf.fretWindowEnabled) {
+                const lo = pf.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(0, Math.min(24, pf.fretMin)) : 0;
-                        const lo = Math.max(0, Math.min(24, pf.fretMin));
+                const hi = pf.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, pf.fretMax)) : 12;
-                        const hi = Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, pf.fretMax));
+                return selected.flatMap(open => {
-                        return selected.flatMap(open => {
+                    const notes: number[] = [];
-                            const notes: number[] = [];
+                    for (let fret = lo; fret <= hi; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);
-                            for (let fret = lo; fret <= hi; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);
+                    return notes;
-                            return notes;
+                }).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                        }).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                    }
-                    // Strings only: use their full range
-                    const maxFret = Math.max(...all.map(open => {
-                        let f = 0;
-                        while (open + f <= 127) f++;
-                        return Math.min(f - 1, 24);
-                    }));
-                    return selected.flatMap(open => {
-                        const notes: number[] = [];
-                        for (let fret = 0; fret <= maxFret; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);
-                        return notes;
-                    }).sort((a, b) => a - b);
-                }
-                return [];
-            }
-            if (phrase.fretWindowEnabled && fretted && currentTuning) {
-                return fretWindowNotes(currentTuning, phrase.fretMin, phrase.fretMax);
             }
             return computePlayableNotes({
                 instrumentId: settings.instrument,
@@ -142,7 +128,6 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                 customMaxFret: settings.customMaxFret,
             });
         }, [pf.strings, pf.fretWindowEnabled, pf.fretMin, pf.fretMax, fretted, currentTuning,
-            phrase.fretWindowEnabled, phrase.fretMin, phrase.fretMax,
             settings.instrument, settings.difficulty, settings.tuningId, settings.customMinFret, settings.customMaxFret]);
 
         // ---- Imported score (session-only) --------------------------------------
@@ -175,8 +160,8 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
         const baseScore: Result<Score> | null = useMemo(() => {
             if (phrase.material === 'melody') {
                 const result = generateMelody({
-                    keyTonic: phrase.keyTonic,
+                    keyTonic: pf.keyTonic,
-                    keyMode: (isMode(phrase.keyMode) ? phrase.keyMode : 'major') as ModeId,
+                    keyMode: (isMode(pf.keyMode) ? pf.keyMode : 'major') as ModeId,
                     bars: phrase.bars,
                     meter: { numerator: phrase.meterNumerator, denominator: 4 },
                     rhythmLevel: phrase.rhythmLevel,
@@ -186,11 +171,41 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
             }
             if (phrase.material === 'scale') {
                 return generateScaleDrill({
-                    keyTonic: phrase.keyTonic,
+                    keyTonic: pf.keyTonic,
-                    keyMode: (isMode(phrase.keyMode) ? phrase.keyMode : 'major') as ModeId,
+                    keyMode: (isMode(pf.keyMode) ? pf.keyMode : 'major') as ModeId,
                     direction: phrase.scaleDirection,
                     coverage: phrase.scaleCoverage,
                     meter: { numerator: phrase.meterNumerator, denominator: 4 },
+                    rhythm: phrase.scaleRhythm,
+                }, pool);
+            }
+            if (phrase.material === 'giuliani') {
+                // Meter is auto-derived inside the generator from the figure
+                // length (always eighths) — the user no longer picks a meter.
+                return generateGiulianiStudy({
+                    keyTonic: pf.keyTonic,
+                    keyMode: (isMode(pf.keyMode) ? pf.keyMode : 'major') as ModeId,
+                    pattern: phrase.giulianiPattern,
+                    tuningId: settings.tuningId,
+                    bars: phrase.giulianiBars,
+                    chordSelection: phrase.arpeggioChordSelection as string[],
+                    seed: melodySeed,
+                    allowedStrings: pf.strings,
+                    alternateBass: phrase.giulianiAlternateBass ?? false,
+                }, pool);
+            }
+            if (phrase.material === 'arpeggio') {
+                return generateArpeggio({
+                    keyTonic: pf.keyTonic,
+                    keyMode: (isMode(pf.keyMode) ? pf.keyMode : 'major') as ModeId,
+                    degree: (phrase.arpeggioDegree as ArpeggioDegree) || 'I',
+                    pattern: phrase.arpeggioPattern,
+                    coverage: phrase.arpeggioCoverage,
+                    bars: phrase.arpeggioBars,
+                    progression: phrase.arpeggioProgression,
+                    chordSelection: phrase.arpeggioChordSelection as ArpeggioDegree[],
+                    customPattern: phrase.customArpeggioPattern,
+                    seed: melodySeed,
                 }, pool);
             }
             if (phrase.material === 'library') {
@@ -203,8 +218,12 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                 return { ok: true, value: importedScore };
             }
             return null;
-        }, [phrase.material, phrase.keyTonic, phrase.keyMode, phrase.bars, phrase.meterNumerator,
+        }, [phrase.material, pf.keyTonic, pf.keyMode, phrase.bars, phrase.meterNumerator,
-            phrase.rhythmLevel, phrase.scaleDirection, phrase.scaleCoverage, phrase.libraryId,
+            phrase.rhythmLevel, phrase.scaleDirection, phrase.scaleCoverage, phrase.scaleRhythm, phrase.libraryId,
+            phrase.arpeggioDegree, phrase.arpeggioPattern, phrase.arpeggioCoverage,
+            phrase.arpeggioBars, phrase.arpeggioProgression,
+            phrase.arpeggioChordSelection, melodySeed,
+            phrase.giulianiPattern, phrase.giulianiBars, phrase.giulianiAlternateBass,
             melodySeed, pool, importedScore]);
 
         const fullScore: Result<Score> | null = useMemo(() => {
@@ -232,6 +251,7 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                 clickSound: phrase.clickSound,
                 inputMode: phrase.inputMode,
                 previewVolume: settings.autoPlayVolume ?? 0.4,
+                autoStartOnNote: phrase.autoStartOnNote,
             },
             listening,
             micError,
@@ -290,9 +310,7 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
         }, [scoreOk, fixedMaterial, pool, fullScore]);
 
         const nextAction = useCallback(() => {
-            if (phrase.material === 'melody') {
+            if (fixedMaterial && scoreOk) {
-                setMelodySeed(s => (s + 1) % 999983);
-            } else if (fixedMaterial && scoreOk) {
                 const total = fullScore!.value.measures.length;
                 const nextStart = phrase.startBar + phrase.barCount;
                 if (nextStart > total) {
@@ -300,6 +318,12 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                 } else {
                     setPhrase({ startBar: nextStart });
                 }
+                return;
+            }
+            // Seeded material: roll a new variation (giuliani and single-chord
+            // arpeggios included — they take melodySeed too).
+            if (phrase.material === 'melody' || phrase.material === 'arpeggio' || phrase.material === 'giuliani') {
+                setMelodySeed(s => (s + 1) % 999983);
             }
         }, [phrase.material, phrase.startBar, phrase.barCount, fixedMaterial, scoreOk, fullScore, setPhrase]);
 
@@ -307,6 +331,7 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
         useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
             pauseToggle: () => trainer?.pauseToggle(),
             previewToggle: () => trainer?.previewToggle(),
+            previewStep: (dir) => trainer?.previewStep(dir),
             retry: () => trainer?.retry(),
             skip: () => trainer?.skip(),
             pause: () => trainer?.pause(),
@@ -316,17 +341,22 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
         // ---- Hints --------------------------------------------------------------
         const activeScore = trainer.activeScore;
         const events = scoreEvents(activeScore);
-        const currentMidi = trainer.currentIdx >= 0 && events[trainer.currentIdx]?.pitch
+        // While previewing, the hint instruments follow the preview cursor so
-            ? events[trainer.currentIdx]!.pitch!.midi
+        // the user can find notes on the fretboard while listening.
+        const displayIdx = trainer.phase === 'preview' || trainer.phase === 'previewPaused'
+            ? trainer.previewIdx
+            : trainer.currentIdx;
+        const currentMidi = displayIdx >= 0 && events[displayIdx]?.pitch
+            ? events[displayIdx]!.pitch!.midi
             : null;
 
         const hintPositions = useMemo(() => {
             if (!settings.showHint || !currentInstrumentDef.showTuning || !currentTuning || currentMidi === null) return [];
-            if (phrase.fretWindowEnabled) {
+            if (pf.fretWindowEnabled) {
-                return positionsWithinWindow(currentMidi, currentTuning, phrase.fretMin, phrase.fretMax);
+                return positionsWithinWindow(currentMidi, currentTuning, pf.fretMin, pf.fretMax);
             }
             return getFretboardPositions(currentMidi, currentTuning);
-        }, [settings.showHint, currentInstrumentDef, currentTuning, currentMidi, phrase.fretWindowEnabled, phrase.fretMin, phrase.fretMax]);
+        }, [settings.showHint, currentInstrumentDef, currentTuning, currentMidi, pf.fretWindowEnabled, pf.fretMin, pf.fretMax]);
 
         const handleVirtualPlay = useCallback((midi: number) => {
             if (!settings.virtualGuitarMute) {
@@ -347,7 +377,8 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
         const statusText = useMemo(() => {
             if (!scoreOk) return materialError ?? 'No material.';
             const p = trainer.phase;
-            if (p === 'preview') return 'Listen …';
+            if (p === 'preview') return 'Listen … (pause to step note by note)';
+            if (p === 'previewPaused') return 'Paused — step with ⏮ ⏭ or ← →, resume with P';
             if (p === 'countIn') return `Count-in: ${trainer.countInLeft}`;
             if (p === 'paused') return 'Paused';
             if (p === 'done') {
@@ -366,12 +397,13 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
             const p = trainer.phase;
             if (p === 'playing' || p === 'countIn') return 'Pause';
             if (p === 'paused') return 'Resume';
-            if (p === 'preview') return 'Stop preview';
+            if (p === 'preview') return 'Pause';
+            if (p === 'previewPaused') return 'Resume';
             return 'Start';
         }, [trainer.phase]);
 
         const startAction = useMemo(() => {
-            if (trainer.phase === 'preview') return trainer.previewToggle;
+            if (trainer.phase === 'preview' || trainer.phase === 'previewPaused') return trainer.previewToggle;
             return trainer.pauseToggle;
         }, [trainer]);
 
@@ -419,102 +451,8 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                     </span>
                 </div>
 
-                <div className="sheet-music-container">
+                {/* Setup panel — above the notation, holds material options
-                    {scoreOk ? (
+                    plus the shared note filter (key/strings/fret window) */}
-                        <PhraseSheetMusic
-                            score={trainer.activeScore}
-                            currentIdx={trainer.currentIdx}
-                            statuses={trainer.statuses}
-                            clef={activeClef}
-                            transpose={activeTranspose}
-                            width={staffWidth}
-                            theme={settings.theme}
-                        />
-                    ) : (
-                        <div className="phrase-error">{materialError}</div>
-                    )}
-                </div>
-
-                {trainer.error && <div className="error-message">{trainer.error}</div>}
-                {importError && <div className="error-message">{importError}</div>}
-                {rangeWarning && <div className="phrase-warning">{rangeWarning}</div>}
-
-                <div className="feedback-area">
-                    <div className="instruction-text phrase-status">{statusText}</div>
-                </div>
-
-                {/* Transport — reuses the single-note button styles/behavior */}
-                <div className="action-row phrase-transport">
-                    <button className="skip-button" onClick={startAction} title="Start / Pause (Space)">
-                        {trainer.phase === 'playing' || trainer.phase === 'countIn' ? <Pause size={18} /> : <Play size={18} />}
-                        {startLabel}
-                    </button>
-                    {!settings.zenMode && (
-                        <>
-                            <button
-                                className="hint-button"
-                                onClick={trainer.previewToggle}
-                                title="Preview the phrase (P)"
-                            >
-                                {trainer.phase === 'preview' ? <Square size={18} /> : <Volume2 size={18} />}
-                                {trainer.phase === 'preview' ? 'Stop' : 'Preview'}
-                            </button>
-                            <button className="hint-button" onClick={trainer.retry} title="Retry from the start (R)">
-                                <RotateCcw size={18} />
-                                Retry
-                            </button>
-                            {(phrase.material === 'melody' || fixedMaterial) && (
-                                <button className="hint-button" onClick={nextAction} title="New melody / next bars (N)">
-                                    <SkipForward size={18} />
-                                    {phrase.material === 'melody' ? 'New' : 'Next'}
-                                </button>
-                            )}
-                            {phrase.pace === 'step' && (
-                                <button className="hint-button" onClick={trainer.skip} title="Skip this note (S)">
-                                    <SkipForward size={18} />
-                                    Skip
-                                </button>
-                            )}
-                        </>
-                    )}
-                    {/* Same virtual-instrument / hint toggles as single-note mode */}
-                    {trainer.phase === 'done' && settings.zenMode && (
-                        <>
-                            <button className="hint-button" onClick={trainer.retry} title="Retry (R)">
-                                <RotateCcw size={18} />
-                                Retry
-                            </button>
-                            {(phrase.material === 'melody' || fixedMaterial) && (
-                                <button className="hint-button" onClick={nextAction} title="New / Next (N)">
-                                    <SkipForward size={18} />
-                                    {phrase.material === 'melody' ? 'New' : 'Next'}
-                                </button>
-                            )}
-                        </>
-                    )}
-                    {!settings.zenMode && currentInstrumentDef.showTuning && (
-                        <button
-                            className={`hint-button ${settings.showFretboard ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                            onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showFretboard: !s.showFretboard }))}
-                            title={`Toggle Virtual ${currentInstrumentDef.displayName} (Keyboard Shortcut: V)`}
-                        >
-                            <Guitar size={18} />
-                            {currentInstrumentDef.id === 'piano' ? 'Piano' : 'Guitar'}
-                        </button>
-                    )}
-                    {!settings.zenMode && (
-                        <button
-                            className={`hint-button ${settings.showHint ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                            onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showHint: !s.showHint }))}
-                            title="Keyboard Shortcut: H"
-                        >
-                            <HelpCircle size={18} />
-                            {settings.showHint ? "Hide Hint" : "Show Hint"}
-                        </button>
-                    )}
-                </div>
-
-                {/* Setup panel */}
                 {!settings.zenMode && (
                     <details className="phrase-setup">
                         <summary><ChevronDown size={16} /> Setup</summary>
@@ -523,17 +461,13 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                 <select value={phrase.material} onChange={e => setPhrase({ material: e.target.value as PhraseSettings['material'] })}>
                                     <option value="melody">Melodies (generated)</option>
                                     <option value="scale">Scale drills</option>
+                                    <option value="arpeggio">Arpeggios (generated)</option>
+                                    <option value="giuliani">Giuliani studies</option>
                                     <option value="library">Exercises</option>
                                     <option value="import">Imported file</option>
                                 </select>
                             </label>
 
-                            {(phrase.material === 'melody' || phrase.material === 'scale') && (
-                                <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, alignSelf: 'center' }}>
-                                    Key/mode: use the "Target key" controls below the sheet — shared across modes.
-                                </span>
-                            )}
-
                             {phrase.material === 'melody' && (
                                 <>
                                     <label>Bars
@@ -542,15 +476,17 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                     <label>Meter
-                                        <select value={phrase.meterNumerator} onChange={e => setPhrase({ meterNumerator: Number(e.target.value) === 3 ? 3 : 4 })}>
+                                        <select value={phrase.meterNumerator} onChange={e => setPhrase({ meterNumerator: Math.max(3, Math.min(6, Number(e.target.value))) as 3 | 4 | 6 })}>
                                             <option value={4}>4/4</option>
                                             <option value={3}>3/4</option>
+                                            <option value={6}>6/8</option>
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                     <label>Rhythm
-                                        <select value={phrase.rhythmLevel} onChange={e => setPhrase({ rhythmLevel: Number(e.target.value) === 2 ? 2 : 1 })}>
+                                        <select value={phrase.rhythmLevel} onChange={e => setPhrase({ rhythmLevel: Math.max(1, Math.min(3, Number(e.target.value))) as 1 | 2 | 3 })}>
                                             <option value={1}>Simple</option>
                                             <option value={2}>Mixed</option>
+                                            <option value={3}>Elaborate (16ths)</option>
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                 </>
@@ -573,14 +509,128 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                     <label>Meter
-                                        <select value={phrase.meterNumerator} onChange={e => setPhrase({ meterNumerator: Number(e.target.value) === 3 ? 3 : 4 })}>
+                                        <select value={phrase.meterNumerator} onChange={e => setPhrase({ meterNumerator: Math.max(3, Math.min(6, Number(e.target.value))) as 3 | 4 | 6 })}>
                                             <option value={4}>4/4</option>
                                             <option value={3}>3/4</option>
+                                            <option value={6}>6/8</option>
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                 </>
                             )}
 
+                            {phrase.material === 'arpeggio' && (
+                                <>
+                                    <label>Pattern
+                                        <select value={phrase.arpeggioPattern} onChange={e => setPhrase({ arpeggioPattern: e.target.value as PhraseSettings['arpeggioPattern'] })}>
+                                            <option value="up">Up</option>
+                                            <option value="down">Down</option>
+                                            <option value="updown">Up &amp; down</option>
+                                            <option value="1235">1-2-3-5</option>
+                                            <optgroup label="Broken-chord figures">
+                                                <option value="1321">1-3-2-1</option>
+                                                <option value="1325">1-3-2-5(8)</option>
+                                                <option value="1535">1-5-3-5(8)</option>
+                                                <option value="12353">1-2-3-5-3</option>
+                                                <option value="1353">1-3-5-3</option>
+                                                <option value="121321">1-2-1-3-2-1</option>
+                                                <option value="15453">1-5-4-5-3-5</option>
+                                                <option value="132532">1-3-2-5-3-2</option>
+                                                <option value="random">Random</option>
+                                                <option value="custom">Custom…</option>
+                                            </optgroup>
+                                        </select>
+                                    </label>
+                                    {phrase.arpeggioPattern === 'custom' && (
+                                        <label>Custom pattern
+                                            <input
+                                                type="text"
+                                                value={phrase.customArpeggioPattern || ''}
+                                                onChange={e => setPhrase({ customArpeggioPattern: e.target.value.replace(/[^1-5]/g, '') })}
+                                                placeholder="e.g. 1321"
+                                                style={{ width: '90px' }}
+                                            />
+                                            <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, display: 'block' }}>
+                                                Digits: 1=root, 2=third, 3=fifth, 4=octave, 5=fifth-above-octave
+                                            </span>
+                                        </label>
+                                    )}
+                                    <label>Coverage
+                                        <select value={phrase.arpeggioCoverage} onChange={e => setPhrase({ arpeggioCoverage: e.target.value as PhraseSettings['arpeggioCoverage'] })}>
+                                            <option value="one-octave">One octave</option>
+                                            <option value="two-octave">Two octaves</option>
+                                        </select>
+                                    </label>
+                                    <label>Length
+                                        <select value={phrase.arpeggioBars} onChange={e => setPhrase({ arpeggioBars: Math.max(1, Math.min(8, Number(e.target.value))) })}>
+                                            {[1, 2, 4, 6, 8].map(b => <option key={b} value={b}>{b === 1 ? 'Single chord' : `${b} bars`}</option>)}
+                                        </select>
+                                    </label>
+                                    {phrase.arpeggioBars > 1 && (
+                                        <label>Chords
+                                            <select value={phrase.arpeggioProgression} onChange={e => setPhrase({ arpeggioProgression: e.target.value as PhraseSettings['arpeggioProgression'] })}>
+                                                <option value="functional">Functional (I-IV-V...)</option>
+                                                <option value="diatonic-cycle">Diatonic cycle</option>
+                                                <option value="random">Random</option>
+                                            </select>
+                                        </label>
+                                    )}
+                                    <div style={{ gridColumn: '1 / -1' }}>
+                                        <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, display: 'block', marginBottom: '4px' }}>
+                                            Chords ({phrase.arpeggioChordSelection.length === 0 ? 'all 7' : `${phrase.arpeggioChordSelection.length} selected`}):
+                                        </span>
+                                        <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '6px', flexWrap: 'wrap' }}>
+                                            {(Object.keys(ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS) as ArpeggioDegree[]).map(d => {
+                                                const active = phrase.arpeggioChordSelection.length === 0 || phrase.arpeggioChordSelection.includes(d);
+                                                return (
+                                                    <button
+                                                        key={d}
+                                                        className={`control-button small ${active ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                                        style={{ minWidth: '42px', padding: '5px 8px', fontSize: '12px' }}
+                                                        onClick={() => {
+                                                            const cur = phrase.arpeggioChordSelection.length === 0
+                                                                ? (Object.keys(ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS) as ArpeggioDegree[])
+                                                                : [...phrase.arpeggioChordSelection as ArpeggioDegree[]];
+                                                            const next = cur.includes(d) ? cur.filter(x => x !== d) : [...cur, d];
+                                                            setPhrase({ arpeggioChordSelection: next });
+                                                        }}
+                                                    >
+                                                        {ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS[d]}
+                                                    </button>
+                                                );
+                                            })}
+                                        </div>
+                                    </div>
+                                </>
+                            )}
+
+                            {phrase.material === 'giuliani' && (
+                                <>
+                                    <label>Pattern
+                                        <select value={phrase.giulianiPattern} onChange={e => setPhrase({ giulianiPattern: e.target.value as PhraseSettings['giulianiPattern'] })}>
+                                            {(Object.keys(GIULIANI_PATTERN_LABELS) as GiulianiPattern[]).map(p => (
+                                                <option key={p} value={p}>{GIULIANI_PATTERN_LABELS[p]}</option>
+                                            ))}
+                                        </select>
+                                    </label>
+                                    <label>Length
+                                        <select value={phrase.giulianiBars} onChange={e => setPhrase({ giulianiBars: Math.max(1, Math.min(8, Number(e.target.value))) })}>
+                                            {[1, 2, 4, 6, 8].map(b => <option key={b} value={b}>{b} bars</option>)}
+                                        </select>
+                                    </label>
+                                    <label style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'row', alignItems: 'center', gap: '6px' }}>
+                                        <input
+                                            type="checkbox"
+                                            checked={phrase.giulianiAlternateBass ?? false}
+                                            onChange={e => setPhrase({ giulianiAlternateBass: e.target.checked })}
+                                        />
+                                        Alternating bass (fifth on even bars)
+                                    </label>
+                                    <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, alignSelf: 'center' }}>
+                                        Meter is derived from the pattern; chords come from the arpeggio chord pool; voicing enforced (bass + upper strings).
+                                    </span>
+                                </>
+                            )}
+
                             {phrase.material === 'library' && (
                                 <label>Exercise
                                     <select value={phrase.libraryId || EXERCISES[0].id} onChange={e => setPhrase({ libraryId: e.target.value, startBar: 1 })}>
@@ -605,11 +655,13 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                             {[1, 2, 4, 6, 8].map(b => <option key={b} value={b}>{b}</option>)}
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
-                                    <label>Octave
+                                    <label>Transpose
                                         <select value={octaveShift} onChange={e => setOctaveShift(Number(e.target.value))}>
-                                            <option value={-1}>-1</option>
+                                            <option value={-2}>-2 oct</option>
+                                            <option value={-1}>-1 oct</option>
                                             <option value={0}>0</option>
-                                            <option value={1}>+1</option>
+                                            <option value={1}>+1 oct</option>
+                                            <option value={2}>+2 oct</option>
                                         </select>
                                     </label>
                                 </>
@@ -630,23 +682,9 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                 </label>
                             )}
 
-                            {fretted && (
+                            {/* Pace lives in the metronome widget now:
-                                <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, alignSelf: 'center' }}>
+                                'Sync to exercise' checked = tempo pace,
-                                    Fret window: use the "Fret window" controls below the sheet — shared across modes.
+                                unchecked = at-your-pace (step). */}
-                                </span>
-                            )}
-
-                            <label>Pace
-                                <select value={phrase.pace} onChange={e => setPhrase({ pace: e.target.value as PhraseSettings['pace'] })}>
-                                    <option value="step">At your pace</option>
-                                    <option value="tempo">With tempo</option>
-                                </select>
-                            </label>
-                            {phrase.pace === 'tempo' && (
-                                <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7, alignSelf: 'center' }}>
-                                    Tempo (BPM): set it on the metronome in the tools below — shared across modes.
-                                </span>
-                            )}
                             <label className="phrase-check">
                                 <input
                                     type="checkbox"
@@ -655,16 +693,6 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                 />
                                 Virtual input only
                             </label>
-                            {phrase.pace === 'tempo' && (
-                                <label className="phrase-check">
-                                    <input
-                                        type="checkbox"
-                                        checked={phrase.clickSound}
-                                        onChange={e => setPhrase({ clickSound: e.target.checked })}
-                                    />
-                                    Click sound
-                                </label>
-                            )}
                             <label className="phrase-check">
                                 <input
                                     type="checkbox"
@@ -673,17 +701,178 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                 />
                                 Auto-continue
                             </label>
+                            <label className="phrase-check">
+                                <input
+                                    type="checkbox"
+                                    checked={phrase.autoStartOnNote}
+                                    onChange={e => setPhrase({ autoStartOnNote: e.target.checked })}
+                                />
+                                Start on first note (no count-in)
+                            </label>
                         </div>
-                        {phrase.pace === 'tempo' && phrase.clickSound && (
+                        {phrase.pace === 'tempo' && (
-                            <p className="phrase-note">Clicks are short noise bursts, not pitched tones — but speaker bleed can still disturb the microphone. Headphones recommended.</p>
+                            <p className="phrase-note">Tempo and click sound live on the metronome tool (Sync checked = the run sets the pace; unchecked = play at your own pace with a free metronome).</p>
                         )}
                         <p className="phrase-note">
                             Matching checks pitch, not fingering — several fretboard positions produce the same pitch.
                             For repeated identical notes, briefly release between notes so each attack is detected.
                         </p>
+                        <TargetNoteControls />
                     </details>
                 )}
 
+                <div className="sheet-music-container">
+                    {scoreOk ? (
+                        <PhraseSheetMusic
+                            score={trainer.activeScore}
+                            currentIdx={trainer.phase === 'preview' || trainer.phase === 'previewPaused' ? trainer.previewIdx : trainer.currentIdx}
+                            statuses={trainer.statuses}
+                            clef={activeClef}
+                            transpose={activeTranspose}
+                            width={staffWidth}
+                            theme={settings.theme}
+                        />
+                    ) : (
+                        <div className="phrase-error">{materialError}</div>
+                    )}
+                </div>
+
+                {trainer.error && <div className="error-message">{trainer.error}</div>}
+                {importError && <div className="error-message">{importError}</div>}
+                {rangeWarning && <div className="phrase-warning">{rangeWarning}</div>}
+
+                <div className="feedback-area">
+                    {trainer.phase === 'countIn' && (
+                        <span
+                            className="phrase-countin"
+                            style={{
+                                display: 'inline-block',
+                                minWidth: '20px',
+                                padding: '1px 7px',
+                                marginRight: '8px',
+                                borderRadius: '10px',
+                                fontSize: '11px',
+                                opacity: 0.75,
+                                background: 'color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 10%, transparent)',
+                            }}
+                            aria-label={`Count-in: ${trainer.countInLeft} beats left`}
+                        >{trainer.countInLeft}</span>
+                    )}
+                    <div className="instruction-text phrase-status">{statusText}</div>
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Transport — reuses the single-note button styles/behavior */}
+                <div className="action-row phrase-transport">
+                    <button className="skip-button" onClick={startAction} title="Start / Pause (Space)">
+                        {trainer.phase === 'playing' || trainer.phase === 'countIn' ? <Pause size={18} /> : <Play size={18} />}
+                        {startLabel}
+                    </button>
+                    {!settings.zenMode && (
+                        <>
+                            {trainer.phase === 'previewPaused' && (
+                                <div className="transport-step-group" role="group" aria-label="Preview stepping">
+                                    <button
+                                        className="hint-button step-button"
+                                        onClick={() => trainer.previewStep(-1)}
+                                        title="One event back (while previewing)"
+                                        aria-label="Step back"
+                                    >
+                                        <SkipBack size={16} />
+                                    </button>
+                                    <button
+                                        className="hint-button step-button"
+                                        onClick={() => trainer.previewStep(1)}
+                                        title="One event forward (while previewing)"
+                                        aria-label="Step forward"
+                                    >
+                                        <SkipForward size={16} />
+                                    </button>
+                                </div>
+                            )}
+                            <button
+                                className={`hint-button ${trainer.phase === 'preview' || trainer.phase === 'previewPaused' ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                onClick={trainer.previewToggle}
+                                title="Preview: play / pause / resume (P)"
+                            >
+                                {trainer.phase === 'preview'
+                                    ? <><Pause size={18} /> Pause</>
+                                    : trainer.phase === 'previewPaused'
+                                        ? <><Play size={18} /> Resume</>
+                                        : <><Volume2 size={18} /> Preview</>}
+                            </button>
+                            <button className="hint-button" onClick={trainer.retry} title="Retry from the start (R)">
+                                <RotateCcw size={18} />
+                                Retry
+                            </button>
+                            {(phrase.material === 'melody' || phrase.material === 'arpeggio' || phrase.material === 'giuliani' || fixedMaterial) && (
+                                <button className="hint-button" onClick={nextAction} title="New melody / next bars (N)">
+                                    <SkipForward size={18} />
+                                    {(fixedMaterial || phrase.material === 'scale') ? 'Next' : 'New'}
+                                </button>
+                            )}
+                            {phrase.pace === 'step' && (
+                                <button className="hint-button" onClick={trainer.skip} title="Skip this note (S)">
+                                    <SkipForward size={18} />
+                                    Skip
+                                </button>
+                            )}
+                        </>
+                    )}
+                    {/* Same virtual-instrument / hint toggles as single-note mode */}
+                    {trainer.phase === 'done' && settings.zenMode && (
+                        <>
+                            <button className="hint-button" onClick={trainer.retry} title="Retry (R)">
+                                <RotateCcw size={18} />
+                                Retry
+                            </button>
+                            {(phrase.material === 'melody' || phrase.material === 'arpeggio' || phrase.material === 'giuliani' || fixedMaterial) && (
+                                <button className="hint-button" onClick={nextAction} title="New / Next (N)">
+                                    <SkipForward size={18} />
+                                    {(fixedMaterial || phrase.material === 'scale') ? 'Next' : 'New'}
+                                </button>
+                            )}
+                        </>
+                    )}
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Display toggles — separate row, switch style (like the
+                    tuner/metronome switches): pure show/hide, no run state. */}
+                {!settings.zenMode && (
+                    <div className="display-toggles">
+                        {currentInstrumentDef.showTuning && (
+                            <div className="display-toggle">
+                                <span className="display-toggle-label">
+                                    <Guitar size={15} />
+                                    {currentInstrumentDef.id === 'piano' ? 'Piano' : 'Guitar'}
+                                </span>
+                                <button
+                                    className={`switch-button ${settings.showFretboard ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                    onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showFretboard: !s.showFretboard }))}
+                                    title={`Toggle Virtual ${currentInstrumentDef.displayName} (Keyboard Shortcut: V)`}
+                                    aria-label={`Show virtual ${currentInstrumentDef.displayName}`}
+                                >
+                                    <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                                </button>
+                            </div>
+                        )}
+                        <div className="display-toggle">
+                            <span className="display-toggle-label">
+                                <HelpCircle size={15} />
+                                Hint
+                            </span>
+                            <button
+                                className={`switch-button ${settings.showHint ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showHint: !s.showHint }))}
+                                title="Keyboard Shortcut: H"
+                                aria-label="Show hint"
+                            >
+                                <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                            </button>
+                        </div>
+                    </div>
+                )}
+
+
                 {/* Hint instruments */}
                 {(settings.showHint || settings.showFretboard) && currentInstrumentDef.showTuning && (
                     <div className="hint-card">
@@ -714,7 +903,7 @@ export const PhraseTrainer = forwardRef<PhraseHandle, PhraseTrainerProps>(
                                     onPlayNote={handleVirtualPlay}
                                     onHover={setHoveredMidi}
                                     showHints={settings.showHint}
-                                    maxFrets={Math.max(15, phrase.fretWindowEnabled ? phrase.fretMax + 1 : 0)}
+                                    maxFrets={Math.max(15, pf.fretWindowEnabled ? pf.fretMax + 1 : 0)}
                                 />
                             )
                         )}

src/components/SettingsModal.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,32 @@
 import React, { useState } from 'react';
-import { X, Volume2, VolumeX, ChevronDown, ChevronUp, Mic, MicOff, Sun, Moon, Monitor, Clock } from 'lucide-react';
+import { X, Volume2, VolumeX, ChevronDown, ChevronUp, Mic, MicOff, Sun, Moon, Monitor, Clock, Guitar } from 'lucide-react';
 import type { AppSettings } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
 import { MIC_SENSITIVITY_DB_RANGE, MIC_DEFAULT_SENSITIVITY } from '../AppConfig';
 import type { MicrophoneDebugInfo } from '../hooks/usePitchDetector';
+import { TUNINGS, INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS } from '../music/Tunings';
+import { INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS } from '../music/InstrumentConfigs';
+
+/** Collapsible settings section. First section open by default. */
+const Section: React.FC<{ title: string; defaultOpen?: boolean; children: React.ReactNode }> = ({ title, defaultOpen = false, children }) => {
+    const [open, setOpen] = useState(defaultOpen);
+    return (
+        <div style={{ borderBottom: '1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-text-main) 10%, transparent)' }}>
+            <button
+                onClick={() => setOpen(o => !o)}
+                style={{
+                    width: '100%', background: 'transparent', border: 'none', color: 'inherit',
+                    display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between',
+                    padding: '14px 0', cursor: 'pointer', font: 'inherit'
+                }}
+                aria-expanded={open}
+            >
+                <span style={{ fontSize: '15px', fontWeight: 600 }}>{title}</span>
+                {open ? <ChevronUp size={16} style={{ opacity: 0.6 }} /> : <ChevronDown size={16} style={{ opacity: 0.6 }} />}
+            </button>
+            {open && <div style={{ paddingBottom: '20px' }}>{children}</div>}
+        </div>
+    );
+};
 
 interface SettingsModalProps {
     isOpen: boolean;
@@ -78,7 +102,52 @@ export const SettingsModal: React.FC<SettingsModalProps> = ({
         <div className="help-popup-overlay" onClick={onClose}>
             <div className="help-popup" onClick={e => e.stopPropagation()}>
                 <button className="help-close" onClick={onClose}><X size={20} /></button>
-                <h2 style={{ marginTop: 0, marginBottom: '24px' }}>Settings</h2>
+                <h2 style={{ marginTop: 0, marginBottom: '12px' }}>Settings</h2>
+
+                {/* Instrument & Tuning (rarely changed — lives here now) */}
+                <Section title="Instrument" defaultOpen>
+                    <div className="control-group" style={{ marginBottom: '16px' }}>
+                        <label className="control-label" style={{ marginBottom: '8px', fontSize: '16px' }}>
+                            <Guitar size={18} />
+                            <span>Instrument</span>
+                        </label>
+                        <select
+                            value={settings.instrument}
+                            onChange={(e) => {
+                                const id = e.target.value;
+                                const def = INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[id];
+                                let tuningId = settings.tuningId;
+                                if (def.showTuning && INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[id as 'guitar' | 'bass']) {
+                                    tuningId = INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[id as 'guitar' | 'bass'][0];
+                                }
+                                onUpdateSettings({ ...settings, instrument: id, difficulty: def.ranges[0].id, tuningId });
+                            }}
+                            className="control-select"
+                        >
+                            {Object.values(INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS).map(def => (
+                                <option key={def.id} value={def.id}>{def.displayName}</option>
+                            ))}
+                        </select>
+                    </div>
+                    {INSTRUMENT_DEFINITIONS[settings.instrument]?.showTuning && INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[settings.instrument as 'guitar' | 'bass'] && (
+                        <div className="control-group">
+                            <label className="control-label" style={{ marginBottom: '8px', fontSize: '16px' }}>
+                                <span>Tuning</span>
+                            </label>
+                            <select
+                                value={settings.tuningId}
+                                onChange={(e) => onUpdateSettings({ ...settings, tuningId: e.target.value })}
+                                className="control-select"
+                            >
+                                {INSTRUMENT_TUNINGS[settings.instrument as 'guitar' | 'bass'].map(id => (
+                                    <option key={id} value={id}>{TUNINGS[id]?.name ?? id}</option>
+                                ))}
+                            </select>
+                        </div>
+                    )}
+                </Section>
+
+                <Section title="Appearance">
 
                 {/* Theme Settings */}
                 <div className="control-group" style={{ marginBottom: '24px' }}>
@@ -119,8 +188,6 @@ export const SettingsModal: React.FC<SettingsModalProps> = ({
                     </div>
                 </div>
 
-                <hr style={{ borderColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0.1)', margin: '24px 0' }} />
-
                 {/* Animation Settings */}
                 <div className="control-group" style={{ marginBottom: '24px' }}>
                     <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between', marginBottom: '8px' }}>
@@ -140,7 +207,9 @@ export const SettingsModal: React.FC<SettingsModalProps> = ({
                     </p>
                 </div>
 
-                <hr style={{ borderColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0.1)', margin: '24px 0' }} />
+                </Section>
+
+                <Section title="Audio" defaultOpen>
 
                 <div className="control-group" style={{ marginBottom: '24px' }}>
                     <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between', marginBottom: '8px' }}>
@@ -261,7 +330,9 @@ export const SettingsModal: React.FC<SettingsModalProps> = ({
                     </p>
                 </div>
 
-                <hr style={{ borderColor: 'rgba(255,255,255,0.1)', margin: '24px 0' }} />
+                </Section>
+
+                <Section title="Microphone" defaultOpen>
 
                 {/* Microphone Toggle */}
                 <div className="control-group" style={{ marginBottom: '16px' }}>
@@ -434,6 +505,8 @@ export const SettingsModal: React.FC<SettingsModalProps> = ({
                         )}
                     </div>
                 )}
+
+                </Section>
             </div>
 
         </div>

src/components/SingleNoteTrainer.tsx

@@ -149,38 +149,57 @@ export const SingleNoteTrainer = forwardRef<SingleNoteHandle, SingleNoteTrainerP
                 )}
 
                 {!settings.zenMode && (
-                    <div className="action-row" style={{ marginTop: '24px', display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', gap: '16px' }}>
+                    <>
-                        {currentInstrumentDef.showTuning && (
+                        {/* Display toggles — switch style (like phrase mode):
+                            pure show/hide, no trainer actions. */}
+                        <div className="display-toggles" style={{ marginTop: '24px' }}>
+                            {currentInstrumentDef.showTuning && (
+                                <div className="display-toggle">
+                                    <span className="display-toggle-label">
+                                        <Guitar size={15} />
+                                        {currentInstrumentDef.id === 'piano' ? 'Piano' : 'Guitar'}
+                                    </span>
+                                    <button
+                                        className={`switch-button ${settings.showFretboard ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                        onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showFretboard: !s.showFretboard }))}
+                                        title={`Toggle Virtual ${currentInstrumentDef.displayName} (Keyboard Shortcut: V)`}
+                                        aria-label={`Show virtual ${currentInstrumentDef.displayName}`}
+                                    >
+                                        <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                                    </button>
+                                </div>
+                            )}
+                            <div className="display-toggle">
+                                <span className="display-toggle-label">
+                                    <HelpCircle size={15} />
+                                    Hint
+                                </span>
+                                <button
+                                    className={`switch-button ${settings.showHint ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                    onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showHint: !s.showHint }))}
+                                    title="Keyboard Shortcut: H"
+                                    aria-label="Show hint"
+                                >
+                                    <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                                </button>
+                            </div>
+                        </div>
+
+                        <div className="action-row" style={{ marginTop: '16px', display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', gap: '16px' }}>
                             <button
-                                className={`hint-button ${settings.showFretboard ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                className="hint-button"
-                                onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showFretboard: !s.showFretboard }))}
+                                onClick={() => playNote(targetMidi, settings.referenceNoteDuration ?? 1.5, settings.autoPlayVolume ?? 0.5)}
-                                title={`Toggle Virtual ${currentInstrumentDef.displayName} (Keyboard Shortcut: V)`}
+                                title="Keyboard Shortcut: P or R"
                             >
-                                <Guitar size={18} />
+                                <Volume2 size={18} />
-                                {currentInstrumentDef.id === 'piano' ? 'Piano' : 'Guitar'}
+                                Play Note
                             </button>
-                        )}
+                            <button className="skip-button" onClick={() => generateNewNote()} title="Keyboard Shortcut: Space">
-                        <button
+                                <SkipForward size={18} />
-                            className={`hint-button ${settings.showHint ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                                Skip Note
-                            onClick={() => setSettings(s => ({ ...s, showHint: !s.showHint }))}
+                            </button>
-                            title="Keyboard Shortcut: H"
+                        </div>
-                        >
+                    </>
-                            <HelpCircle size={18} />
-                            {settings.showHint ? "Hide Hint" : "Show Hint"}
-                        </button>
-                        <button
-                            className="hint-button"
-                            onClick={() => playNote(targetMidi, settings.referenceNoteDuration ?? 1.5, settings.autoPlayVolume ?? 0.5)}
-                            title="Keyboard Shortcut: P or R"
-                        >
-                            <Volume2 size={18} />
-                            Play Note
-                        </button>
-                        <button className="skip-button" onClick={() => generateNewNote()} title="Keyboard Shortcut: Space">
-                            <SkipForward size={18} />
-                            Skip Note
-                        </button>
-                    </div>
                 )}
             </div>
         );

src/components/TargetNoteControls.tsx

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@
  * - Strings: pick which strings contribute target notes (fretted instruments).
  * - Fret window: restrict target notes to a fret range (fretted instruments).
  *
- * In Phrase Mode the same controls bind to the shared practice filter
+ * In Phrase Mode the Key section binds to the generator key (tonic+mode are
- * (mirrored into phrase settings), so state stays consistent across modes.
+ * always applied; no toggle), and the display-signature sync checkbox is
+ * hidden (phrase notation takes its signature from the score's key).
+ * Rendered inside the per-mode Setup panel above the notation.
  */
 import { useMemo } from 'react';
-import { Key, Guitar, Music } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Key, Guitar, Music, SlidersHorizontal } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useSettings } from '../context/useSettings';
 import { getPracticeFilter, type PracticeFilter } from '../types/SettingsTypes';
 import { MODE_LABELS, TONICS, isMode, keyFor, type ModeId } from '../music/scales';
@@ -46,6 +48,8 @@ const MINOR_TONIC_TO_SIGNATURE: Record<string, string> = {
 export const TargetNoteControls: React.FC = () => {
     const { settings, updateSettings } = useSettings();
     const pf = getPracticeFilter(settings);
+    // Phrase Mode: key tonic/mode are the generator key — always in effect.
+    const inPhraseMode = settings.gameMode === 'phrase';
 
     const setFilter = (updates: Partial<PracticeFilter>) => {
         updateSettings(s => {
@@ -81,24 +85,45 @@ export const TargetNoteControls: React.FC = () => {
 
     const allSelected = pf.strings.length === 0;
 
+    const anyActive =
+        (!inPhraseMode && pf.keyEnabled) || pf.fretWindowEnabled || pf.strings.length > 0;
     return (
-        <div className="practice-filter-grid">
+        <div className="practice-filter-grid" style={{ display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: '8px', border: '1px solid rgba(128,128,128,0.2)', padding: '12px', borderRadius: '8px', gridColumn: '1 / -1' }}>
+            {/* Section header: unified with Tuner/Metronome style */}
+            <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
+                <label className="control-label" style={{ marginBottom: 0 }}>
+                    <SlidersHorizontal size={18} />
+                    <span>Limit notes</span>
+                </label>
+                {anyActive && (
+                    <button
+                        className="link-button"
+                        style={{ fontSize: '11px', padding: 0 }}
+                        onClick={() => setFilter({ keyEnabled: false, fretWindowEnabled: false, strings: [] })}
+                    >
+                        Clear all
+                    </button>
+                )}
+            </div>
+
             {/* Key filter */}
-            <div className="control-group" style={{ gridColumn: '1 / -1' }}>
+            <div className="control-group">
                 <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
                     <label className="control-label">
                         <Key size={18} />
-                        <span>Target key (limits notes)</span>
+                        <span>Key</span>
                     </label>
-                    <button
+                    {!inPhraseMode && (
-                        className={`switch-button ${pf.keyEnabled ? 'active' : ''}`}
+                        <button
-                        onClick={() => setFilter({ keyEnabled: !pf.keyEnabled })}
+                            className={`switch-button ${pf.keyEnabled ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                        title={pf.keyEnabled ? 'Limit to key: on' : 'Limit to key: off'}
+                            onClick={() => setFilter({ keyEnabled: !pf.keyEnabled })}
-                    >
+                            title={pf.keyEnabled ? 'Limit to key: on' : 'Limit to key: off'}
-                        <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                        >
-                    </button>
+                            <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                        </button>
+                    )}
                 </div>
-                {pf.keyEnabled && (
+                {(pf.keyEnabled || inPhraseMode) && (
                     <>
                         <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '8px', marginTop: '8px' }}>
                             <select
@@ -122,23 +147,25 @@ export const TargetNoteControls: React.FC = () => {
                                 ))}
                             </select>
                         </div>
-                        <label style={{ fontSize: '11px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '6px', marginTop: '6px', opacity: 0.85 }}>
+                        {!inPhraseMode && (
-                            <input
+                            <label style={{ fontSize: '11px', display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: '6px', marginTop: '6px', opacity: 0.85 }}>
-                                type="checkbox"
+                                <input
-                                checked={settings.keyFollowsTarget ?? false}
+                                    type="checkbox"
-                                onChange={e => updateSettings(s => {
+                                    checked={settings.keyFollowsTarget ?? false}
-                                    const next = { ...s, keyFollowsTarget: e.target.checked };
+                                    onChange={e => updateSettings(s => {
-                                    // When enabling sync, snap the display signature now.
+                                        const next = { ...s, keyFollowsTarget: e.target.checked };
-                                    if (e.target.checked) {
+                                        // When enabling sync, snap the display signature now.
-                                        const table = pf.keyMode === 'minor' ? MINOR_TONIC_TO_SIGNATURE : MAJOR_TONIC_TO_SIGNATURE;
+                                        if (e.target.checked) {
-                                        const sig = table[pf.keyTonic];
+                                            const table = pf.keyMode === 'minor' ? MINOR_TONIC_TO_SIGNATURE : MAJOR_TONIC_TO_SIGNATURE;
-                                        if (sig) next.keySignature = sig;
+                                            const sig = table[pf.keyTonic];
-                                    }
+                                            if (sig) next.keySignature = sig;
-                                    return next;
+                                        }
-                                })}
+                                        return next;
-                            />
+                                    })}
-                            Sync display key signature with target key
+                                />
-                        </label>
+                                Sync display key signature with target key
+                            </label>
+                        )}
                     </>
                 )}
             </div>
@@ -149,13 +176,17 @@ export const TargetNoteControls: React.FC = () => {
                     <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
                         <label className="control-label">
                             <Guitar size={18} />
-                            <span>Strings (limits notes)</span>
+                            <span>Strings</span>
                         </label>
-                        {allSelected && (
+                        <button
-                            <span style={{ fontSize: '11px', opacity: 0.7 }}>all</span>
+                            className={`switch-button ${!allSelected ? 'active' : ''}`}
-                        )}
+                            onClick={() => setFilter({ strings: allSelected ? [0] : [] })}
+                            title={allSelected ? 'All strings — toggle on to restrict' : 'Restrict to selected strings'}
+                        >
+                            <div className="switch-thumb" />
+                        </button>
                     </div>
-                    <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '6px', marginTop: '8px', flexWrap: 'wrap' }}>
+                    {!allSelected && <div style={{ display: 'flex', gap: '6px', marginTop: '8px', flexWrap: 'wrap' }}>
                         {Array.from({ length: stringCount }, (_, i) => {
                             const active = allSelected || pf.strings.includes(i);
                             return (
@@ -170,7 +201,7 @@ export const TargetNoteControls: React.FC = () => {
                                 </button>
                             );
                         })}
-                    </div>
+                    </div>}
                     {pf.strings.length > 0 && (
                         <button
                             className="link-button"
@@ -189,7 +220,7 @@ export const TargetNoteControls: React.FC = () => {
                     <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'space-between' }}>
                         <label className="control-label">
                             <Music size={18} />
-                            <span>Fret window (limits notes)</span>
+                            <span>Fret window</span>
                         </label>
                         <button
                             className={`switch-button ${pf.fretWindowEnabled ? 'active' : ''}`}

src/game/PhraseTransport.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export interface ScheduleEntry {
     readonly at: number;
     /** Beat number within the count-in (count-in-beat only). */
     readonly beat?: number;
+    readonly accent?: boolean;
     /** Event index (note-end only). */
     readonly index?: number;
 }
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ export function buildSchedule(score: Score, bpm: number, startAt: number, countI
     const entries: ScheduleEntry[] = [];
 
     for (let i = 0; i < countInBeats; i++) {
-        entries.push({ kind: 'count-in-beat', at: startAt + i * spb, beat: i });
+        entries.push({ kind: 'count-in-beat', at: startAt + i * spb, beat: i, accent: i === 0 });
     }
 
     const scoreStart = startAt + countInBeats * spb;
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ export function buildSchedule(score: Score, bpm: number, startAt: number, countI
     const barTicks = score.meter.numerator * PPQ;
     for (let i = 0; i < beatCount; i++) {
         const tick = i * PPQ;
-        entries.push({ kind: 'beat', at: scoreStart + (tick / PPQ) * spb, beat: (tick % barTicks === 0) ? i : undefined, index: i });
+        entries.push({ kind: 'beat', at: scoreStart + (tick / PPQ) * spb, beat: i, accent: tick % barTicks === 0, index: i });
     }
 
     scoreEvents(score).forEach((e, i) => {

src/hooks/phraseBeatBus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * Beat clock shared between the phrase trainer's scheduler and the global
+ * metronome widget. The phrase run emits every beat (count-in + score beats)
+ * here; the metronome widget mirrors them on its pendulum so the visual
+ * stays in sync with the audible phrase click. Beats carry an absolute
+ * AudioContext timestamp so the widget can schedule the visual swing at the
+ * right moment even when callbacks fire ahead of time.
+ */
+type BeatListener = (beat: number, at: number) => void;
+
+const listeners = new Set<BeatListener>();
+
+export const phraseBeatBus = {
+    emit(beat: number, at: number): void {
+        listeners.forEach(l => l(beat, at));
+    },
+    subscribe(l: BeatListener): () => void {
+        listeners.add(l);
+        return () => { listeners.delete(l); };
+    },
+};

src/hooks/phraseRunBus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * Tiny pub/sub for the phrase trainer's running state.
+ *
+ * Lets the (global) metronome widget gate its pendulum/click on the phrase
+ * run: in Phrase Mode the metronome should only be active while the trainer
+ * is counting in or playing, not while idle.
+ */
+type Listener = (running: boolean) => void;
+
+const listeners = new Set<Listener>();
+let running = false;
+
+export const phraseRunBus = {
+    set(v: boolean): void {
+        if (v === running) return;
+        running = v;
+        listeners.forEach(l => l(v));
+    },
+    get(): boolean {
+        return running;
+    },
+    subscribe(l: Listener): () => void {
+        listeners.add(l);
+        return () => { listeners.delete(l); };
+    },
+};

src/hooks/useGameLogic.ts

@@ -85,7 +85,11 @@ export const useGameLogic = (
 
     const { restart: restartMetronome } = useMetronome({
         bpm: effectiveBpm,
-        volume: settings.rhythm.sound ? settings.rhythm.volume : 0,
+        // Audible clicks come from the shared footer widget (Controls) in
+        // non-zen single-note modes — this scheduler is only the tick source
+        // for auto-advance. Sounding it here too doubles every beat. In zen
+        // mode the widget isn't rendered, so this scheduler IS the click.
+        volume: settings.zenMode && settings.rhythm.sound ? settings.rhythm.volume : 0,
         playing: settings.rhythm.active,
         onTick: handleTick
     });

src/hooks/useMetronome.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ export function useMetronome({ bpm, volume, playing, onTick }: MetronomeOptions)
 
     const playClick = useCallback((time: number) => {
         if (!audioContext.current) return;
+        onTickRef.current(currentBeat.current);
+        if (volume <= 0) return; // silent tick source — no audio nodes needed
 
         const osc = audioContext.current.createOscillator();
         const gainNode = audioContext.current.createGain();

src/hooks/usePhraseTrainer.ts

@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ import { buildSchedule, sanitizeBpm, type ScheduleEntry } from '../game/PhraseTr
 import { PPQ } from '../score/model';
 import { audioEngine } from '../audio/AudioEngine';
 import { subscribeRawFrames } from './rawFrameBus';
+import { phraseRunBus } from './phraseRunBus';
+import { phraseBeatBus } from './phraseBeatBus';
 
-export type PhrasePhase = 'ready' | 'countIn' | 'playing' | 'paused' | 'preview' | 'done';
+export type PhrasePhase = 'ready' | 'countIn' | 'playing' | 'paused' | 'preview' | 'previewPaused' | 'done';
 
 export interface PhraseSelection {
     readonly startBar: number;
@@ -32,6 +34,9 @@ export interface PhraseTrainerConfig {
     readonly clickSound: boolean;
     readonly inputMode: 'mic' | 'virtual';
     readonly previewVolume?: number;
+    /** Auto-start: begin without count-in as soon as the mic detects the
+     *  first note (step pace only — tempo needs the scheduled clock). */
+    readonly autoStartOnNote?: boolean;
 }
 
 export interface PhraseSummary {
@@ -51,6 +56,8 @@ const REARM_AFTER_SUSTAINED_MS = 2500;
 
 export interface PhraseTrainerApi {
     readonly phase: PhrasePhase;
+    /** Event index the preview cursor points at (-1 when not previewing). */
+    readonly previewIdx: number;
     /** Active slice the user is currently working through (may be a resume tail). */
     readonly activeScore: Score;
     readonly statuses: NoteStatus[];
@@ -71,6 +78,9 @@ export interface PhraseTrainerApi {
     retry: () => void;
     skip: () => void;
     previewToggle: () => void;
+    /** While previewing: step one event forward/backward (player-style).
+      * Plays the note at the new position and moves the preview indicator. */
+    previewStep: (dir: 1 | -1) => void;
     virtualTap: (midi: number) => void;
     /** External pause (settings dialog, visibility change handled internally). */
     pause: () => void;
@@ -90,6 +100,7 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
     const [countInLeft, setCountInLeft] = useState(0);
     const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
     const [repeatedNoteBlocked, setRepeatedNoteBlocked] = useState(false);
+    const [previewIdx, setPreviewIdx] = useState(-1);
     const [accumulated, setAccumulated] = useState<PhraseSummary>({ total: 0, matched: 0, missed: 0, skipped: 0 });
 
     // ---- Active slice (resume tails replace it) ---------------------------
@@ -97,6 +108,8 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
 
     const matcherRef = useRef<PhraseMatcher | null>(null);
     const repeatBlockedRef = useRef(false);
+    const previewIdxRef = useRef(-1);
+    const previewToggleRef = useRef<(() => void) | null>(null);
     const phaseRef = useRef<PhrasePhase>('ready');
     const paceRef = useRef(config.pace);
     const configRef = useRef(config);
@@ -112,12 +125,22 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
     const runTokenRef = useRef(0);
     const repeatTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
     const previewTimerRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null>(null);
+    /** Audio time the preview cursor is scheduled to reach (for pause). */
+    const previewEndAtRef = useRef(0);
+    /** Audio-time interval that advances the preview cursor. */
+    const previewTickRef = useRef<ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null>(null);
 
     const events = useMemo(() => scoreEvents(activeScore), [activeScore]);
 
     const setPhaseBoth = useCallback((p: PhrasePhase) => {
         phaseRef.current = p;
         setPhase(p);
+        // Gate the shared metronome only in 'sync to metronome' (tempo) pace:
+        // there the run owns the clock (clicks during count-in/playing only).
+        // In 'at your pace' (step) the metronome ticks continuously when the
+        // user has it switched on — like the single-note modes.
+        const ownsClock = paceRef.current === 'tempo';
+        phraseRunBus.set(ownsClock && (p === 'countIn' || p === 'playing' || p === 'preview'));
     }, []);
 
     useEffect(() => { paceRef.current = config.pace; }, [config.pace]);
@@ -146,6 +169,9 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
         setAccumulated({ total: 0, matched: 0, missed: 0, skipped: 0 });
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(CLICK_GROUP);
+        if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
+        previewIdxRef.current = -1;
+        setPreviewIdx(-1);
         setPhaseBoth('ready');
         setCurrentIdx(-1);
         setCountInLeft(0);
@@ -197,7 +223,12 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
                 countInBeatsRef.current > 0 &&
                 e.at <= scoreStartRef.current + 0.02;
             if ((e.kind === 'count-in-beat' || e.kind === 'beat') && !isRedundantDownbeat && configRef.current.clickSound) {
-                audioEngine.playClickAt(e.at, CLICK_VOLUME, e.kind === 'count-in-beat' ? e.beat === 0 : e.beat !== undefined);
+                audioEngine.playClickAt(e.at, CLICK_VOLUME, e.kind === 'count-in-beat' ? e.beat === 0 : e.accent === true);
+            }
+            // Publish every beat to the shared bus so the metronome widget's
+            // pendulum stays in sync with the run (click or no click).
+            if (e.kind === 'count-in-beat' || e.kind === 'beat') {
+                phraseBeatBus.emit(e.beat ?? 0, e.at);
             }
             clickIdxRef.current++;
         }
@@ -264,7 +295,18 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
         const unsubscribe = subscribeRawFrames(frame => {
             if (configRef.current.inputMode !== 'mic') return;
             const p = phaseRef.current;
-            if (p !== 'countIn' && p !== 'playing') return;
+            // Auto-start: first detected note begins the run immediately
+            // (no count-in) — only in step pace, only from 'ready', mic only.
+            if (
+                p === 'ready' &&
+                configRef.current.autoStartOnNote &&
+                paceRef.current === 'step'
+            ) {
+                startRef.current?.();
+                // Fall through: this frame feeds the fresh run below.
+            }
+            const p2 = phaseRef.current;
+            if (p2 !== 'countIn' && p2 !== 'playing') return;
             // Pitched speaker output (preview, virtual instruments) must not
             // be scored; while audible the matcher sees no frames at all.
             if (audioEngine.isAudible()) return;
@@ -361,6 +403,15 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
     const pauseInternalRef = useRef<(() => void) | null>(null);
 
     const pause = useCallback(() => {
+        if (phaseRef.current === 'preview') {
+            // External pause during preview behaves like preview pause
+            // (cursor kept, stepping enabled) but without phase recursion.
+            audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
+            if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
+            if (previewTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(previewTimerRef.current); previewTimerRef.current = null; }
+            setPhaseBoth('previewPaused');
+            return;
+        }
         if (phaseRef.current !== 'playing' && phaseRef.current !== 'countIn') return;
         if (repeatTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(repeatTimerRef.current); repeatTimerRef.current = null; }
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(CLICK_GROUP);
@@ -435,7 +486,7 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
             if (paceRef.current === 'tempo') resumeTempo();
             else setPhaseBoth('playing');
         } else if (p === 'ready' || p === 'done') start();
-        // preview: handled by previewToggle
+        else if (p === 'preview' || p === 'previewPaused') previewToggleRef.current?.();
     }, [pause, resumeTempo, setPhaseBoth, start]);
 
     const retry = useCallback(() => {
@@ -458,35 +509,115 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
         advanceStep(m);
     }, [advanceStep]);
 
-    const previewToggle = useCallback(() => {
+    /** Preview from event `fromIdx` to the end. A cursor interval mirrors
-        if (phaseRef.current === 'preview') {
+      * playback time so the notation indicator follows the sounding note. */
-            audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
+    const playPreviewFrom = useCallback((fromIdx: number, token: number) => {
-            if (previewTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(previewTimerRef.current); previewTimerRef.current = null; }
-            setPhaseBoth('ready');
-            return;
-        }
-        pause();
-        runTokenRef.current++;
-        const token = runTokenRef.current;
         void audioEngine.ensureRunning().then(() => {
             if (runTokenRef.current !== token) return;
             const bpm = sanitizeBpm(configRef.current.bpm);
             const spb = 60 / bpm;
             const t0 = audioEngine.now() + 0.15;
             const vol = configRef.current.previewVolume ?? 0.4;
+            const startTick = fromIdx > 0 ? events[fromIdx].startTick : 0;
+            const totalTicks = events.reduce((a, e) => Math.max(a, e.startTick + e.durationTicks), 0);
+            const secPerTick = spb / PPQ;
             for (const e of events) {
                 if (!e.pitch) continue;
-                audioEngine.scheduleNote(e.pitch.midi, t0 + (e.startTick / PPQ) * spb, (e.durationTicks / PPQ) * spb, vol, PREVIEW_GROUP);
+                if (e.startTick < startTick) continue;
+                audioEngine.scheduleNote(e.pitch.midi, t0 + ((e.startTick - startTick) / PPQ) * spb, (e.durationTicks / PPQ) * spb, vol, PREVIEW_GROUP);
+            }
+            // Tempo pace: click along with the preview so the rhythm is
+            // audible while listening (quarter beats over the full span).
+            // Registered in PREVIEW_GROUP so stopping the preview also stops
+            // its clicks (no ghost metronomes after an aborted preview).
+            if (paceRef.current === 'tempo' && configRef.current.clickSound) {
+                const beats = Math.floor((totalTicks - startTick) / PPQ);
+                for (let i = 0; i < beats; i++) {
+                    audioEngine.playClickAt(t0 + i * spb, CLICK_VOLUME, (fromIdx + i) % 4 === 0, PREVIEW_GROUP);
+                }
             }
             setPhaseBoth('preview');
-            const totalSec = (events.reduce((a, e) => Math.max(a, e.startTick + e.durationTicks), 0) / PPQ) * spb;
+
-            previewTimerRef.current = setTimeout(() => {
+            // Cursor: advance previewIdx by audio time (event start ticks).
-                if (runTokenRef.current === token) {
+            previewEndAtRef.current = t0 + (totalTicks - startTick) * secPerTick;
+            if (previewTickRef.current) clearInterval(previewTickRef.current);
+            previewTickRef.current = setInterval(() => {
+                if (phaseRef.current !== 'preview' || runTokenRef.current !== token) {
+                    if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
+                    return;
+                }
+                const elapsedTicks = Math.max(0, (audioEngine.now() - t0) / secPerTick) + startTick;
+                let idx = previewIdxRef.current;
+                let advanced = false;
+                while (idx + 1 < events.length && events[idx + 1].startTick <= elapsedTicks) { idx++; advanced = true; }
+                if (advanced) { previewIdxRef.current = idx; setPreviewIdx(idx); }
+                if (audioEngine.now() >= previewEndAtRef.current + 0.2) {
+                    if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
+                    previewIdxRef.current = -1;
+                    setPreviewIdx(-1);
                     setPhaseBoth('ready');
                 }
-            }, 150 + totalSec * 1000 + 200);
+            }, 60);
         });
-    }, [events, pause, setPhaseBoth]);
+    }, [events, setPhaseBoth]);
+
+    const stopPreview = useCallback(() => {
+        audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
+        if (previewTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(previewTimerRef.current); previewTimerRef.current = null; }
+        if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
+        previewIdxRef.current = -1;
+        setPreviewIdx(-1);
+        setPhaseBoth('ready');
+    }, [setPhaseBoth]);
+
+    /** Pause preview: stop scheduled audio, keep the cursor position. */
+    const previewPause = useCallback(() => {
+        if (phaseRef.current !== 'preview') return;
+        audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
+        if (previewTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(previewTimerRef.current); previewTimerRef.current = null; }
+        if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
+        setPhaseBoth('previewPaused');
+    }, [setPhaseBoth]);
+
+    const previewToggle = useCallback(() => {
+        const p = phaseRef.current;
+        if (p === 'preview') {
+            previewPause();
+            return;
+        }
+        if (p === 'previewPaused') {
+            // Resume from the paused cursor position.
+            runTokenRef.current++;
+            const token = runTokenRef.current;
+            playPreviewFrom(previewIdxRef.current, token);
+            return;
+        }
+        pause();
+        runTokenRef.current++;
+        const token = runTokenRef.current;
+        previewIdxRef.current = 0;
+        setPreviewIdx(0);
+        playPreviewFrom(0, token);
+    }, [pause, playPreviewFrom, previewPause, stopPreview]);
+    previewToggleRef.current = previewToggle;
+
+    /** Player-style stepping — only while the preview is PAUSED: move the
+      * cursor one event and play that single note (find-it-on-the-neck). */
+    const previewStep = useCallback((dir: 1 | -1) => {
+        if (phaseRef.current !== 'previewPaused') return;
+        const nextIdx = Math.max(0, Math.min(events.length - 1, previewIdxRef.current + dir));
+        if (nextIdx === previewIdxRef.current) return;
+        previewIdxRef.current = nextIdx;
+        setPreviewIdx(nextIdx);
+        // Play just this one event as an audible cue.
+        runTokenRef.current++;
+        const token = runTokenRef.current;
+        const e = events[nextIdx];
+        void audioEngine.ensureRunning().then(() => {
+            if (runTokenRef.current !== token || !e.pitch) return;
+            audioEngine.scheduleNote(e.pitch.midi, audioEngine.now() + 0.05, (e.durationTicks / PPQ) * (60 / sanitizeBpm(configRef.current.bpm)), configRef.current.previewVolume ?? 0.4, PREVIEW_GROUP);
+        });
+    }, [events, setPhaseBoth]);
 
     const virtualTap = useCallback((midi: number) => {
         const p = phaseRef.current;
@@ -510,6 +641,7 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
     const stop = useCallback(() => {
         if (repeatTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(repeatTimerRef.current); repeatTimerRef.current = null; }
         if (previewTimerRef.current) { clearTimeout(previewTimerRef.current); previewTimerRef.current = null; }
+        if (previewTickRef.current) { clearInterval(previewTickRef.current); previewTickRef.current = null; }
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(CLICK_GROUP);
         runTokenRef.current++;
@@ -538,6 +670,7 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
         // Unmount: cancel all scheduled audio and timers.
         if (repeatTimerRef.current) clearTimeout(repeatTimerRef.current);
         if (previewTimerRef.current) clearTimeout(previewTimerRef.current);
+        if (previewTickRef.current) clearInterval(previewTickRef.current);
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(PREVIEW_GROUP);
         audioEngine.cancelGroup(CLICK_GROUP);
     }, []);
@@ -564,6 +697,7 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
         statuses,
         currentIdx,
         countInLeft,
+        previewIdx,
         scoreStart: scoreStartRef.current,
         spb: spbRef.current,
         error,
@@ -573,6 +707,7 @@ export function usePhraseTrainer(
         retry,
         skip,
         previewToggle,
+        previewStep,
         virtualTap,
         pause,
         stop,

src/hooks/usePitchDetector.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import {
     NOTE_DISPLAY_STABLE_FRAMES,
 } from '../AppConfig';
 
-interface PitchData {
+export interface PitchData {
     frequency: number;
     midi: number;
     note: string;

src/music/arpeggioGenerator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { generateArpeggio } from './arpeggioGenerator';
+import { scoreEvents, validateScore } from '../score/model';
+
+const strings = [40, 45, 50, 55, 59, 64];
+const pool: number[] = [];
+for (const open of strings) for (let f = 0; f <= 12; f++) pool.push(open + f);
+
+const base = {
+    keyTonic: 'C',
+    keyMode: 'major' as const,
+    meter: { numerator: 4 as const, denominator: 4 as const },
+};
+
+describe('generateArpeggio', () => {
+    it('builds a C major arpeggio (up, one octave) from the pool', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+        // C-E-G-C as eighths (always 240 ticks now) plus a rest fill in the
+        // auto-derived bar.
+        const midis = ev.filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        expect(midis).toEqual([48, 52, 55, 60]);
+        expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+        expect(r.value.title).toContain('Arpeggio');
+        expect(r.value.title).toContain('C I');
+    });
+
+    it('down pattern reverses the ascending cycle', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'down', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const midis = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        expect(midis).toEqual([60, 55, 52, 48]);
+    });
+
+    it('updown returns to the starting root without duplicating the top', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'updown', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const midis = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        // ascend C-E-G-C then descend back to C; only one C5 (turning point)
+        expect(midis).toEqual([48, 52, 55, 60, 55, 52, 48]);
+        expect(midis.filter(m => m === 60)).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('1235 pattern ends on the octave of the root', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: '1235', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const midis = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        expect(midis).toEqual([48, 52, 55, 60]);
+    });
+
+    it('two-octave coverage spans 12 semitones beyond the first cycle', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'two-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const midis = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        expect(midis).toEqual([48, 52, 55, 60, 64, 67, 72]);
+    });
+    it('spells the dominant triad G-B-D in C major', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'V', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const pcs = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi % 12);
+        expect(pcs).toEqual([7, 11, 2, 7]); // G B D G
+    });
+
+    it('spells the leading-tone dim triad B-D-F in C major', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'vii0', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const pcs = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi % 12);
+        expect(pcs).toEqual([11, 2, 5, 11]); // B D F B
+    });
+
+    it('fails cleanly when the pool cannot fit a full triad cycle', () => {
+        // Only frets 0-1 on all strings: no complete C-E-G cycle with octave
+        const tiny: number[] = [];
+        for (const open of strings) for (let f = 0; f <= 1; f++) tiny.push(open + f);
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave' }, tiny);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('is deterministic for identical configs', () => {
+        const a = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'IV', pattern: 'updown', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        const b = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'IV', pattern: 'updown', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(a).toEqual(b);
+    });
+});
+
+describe('generateArpeggio — sequence mode', () => {
+    it('generates one chord per bar with functional progression', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave', bars: 4, progression: 'functional', seed: 7 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        expect(r.value.measures.length).toBe(4);
+        expect(r.value.chordSymbols?.length).toBe(4);
+        expect(r.value.chordSymbols?.[0]).toBe('C'); // starts on I
+        // bar boundaries: each bar starts on a chord root? (not enforced) — but ticks align
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+        expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+        // Auto meter from a 4-note path (960 ticks): 3/4 wins (remainder 480
+        // vs 960 in 4/4) → 6 eighths per bar × 4 bars = 24
+        expect(ev.length).toBe(24);
+        // deterministic
+        const r2 = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave', bars: 4, progression: 'functional', seed: 7 }, pool);
+        expect(r2.ok && JSON.stringify(scoreEvents(r2.value)) === JSON.stringify(ev)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('diatonic cycle walks I ii iii IV V vi vii', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave', bars: 7, progression: 'diatonic-cycle', seed: 1 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const syms = r.value.chordSymbols!;
+        expect(syms).toEqual(['C', 'Dm', 'Em', 'F', 'G', 'Am', 'Bdim']);
+    });
+
+    it('eighths fill each bar (always-eighths rhythm)', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave', bars: 2, progression: 'functional', seed: 3 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+        // Auto meter from a 4-note path: 3/4 → 6 eighths per bar × 2 bars
+        expect(ev.length).toBe(12);
+        expect(ev[0].durationTicks).toBe(240);
+        expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('random avoids repeating the same chord back-to-back', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave', bars: 6, progression: 'random', seed: 11 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const syms = r.value.chordSymbols!;
+        for (let i = 1; i < syms.length; i++) {
+            expect(syms[i]).not.toBe(syms[i - 1]);
+        }
+    });
+});
+
+describe('generateArpeggio — always-eighths + custom pattern', () => {
+    it('auto-derives 3/4 for a 4-note path (remainder 480 < 960)', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'up', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        expect(r.value.meter).toEqual({ numerator: 3, denominator: 4 });
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+        for (const e of ev.filter(x => x.pitch)) expect(e.durationTicks).toBe(240);
+        // 4 notes fill 960 of the 1440-tick bar; remainder is a 480 rest
+        const rest = ev.find(e => e.pitch === null);
+        expect(rest).toBeDefined();
+        expect(rest!.durationTicks).toBe(480);
+        expect(rest!.startTick).toBe(960);
+    });
+
+    it('auto-derives 4/4 for a 6-note path (remainder 480 < 480? no — 6×240=1440 fits 3/4)', () => {
+        // 1321 figure → 4 notes; use 121321 → 6 notes = 1440 ticks = 3/4 exact
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: '121321', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        expect(r.value.meter).toEqual({ numerator: 3, denominator: 4 });
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+        expect(ev.length).toBe(6);
+        expect(ev.every(e => e.durationTicks === 240)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('never stretches the last note (the old 2880-tick crash)', () => {
+        const ev = scoreEvents(
+            (generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'updown', coverage: 'two-octave' }, pool) as { ok: true; value: import('../score/model').Score }).value
+        );
+        const RENDERABLE = [120, 240, 360, 480, 720, 960, 1440, 1920];
+        for (const e of ev) expect(RENDERABLE).toContain(e.durationTicks);
+    });
+
+    it('builds a custom pattern from digits (1321 = root-fifth-third-root)', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'custom', customPattern: '1321', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const midis = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        expect(midis).toEqual([48, 55, 52, 48]); // C G E C
+    });
+
+    it('digit 5 reaches the fifth above the octave', () => {
+        const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'custom', customPattern: '15', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const midis = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+        expect(midis).toEqual([48, 67]); // C + G above the octave C
+    });
+
+    it('rejects invalid custom patterns cleanly', () => {
+        const empty = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'custom', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(empty.ok).toBe(false);
+        const bad = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'custom', customPattern: '179', coverage: 'one-octave' }, pool);
+        expect(bad.ok).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('random pattern resolves to a valid broken-chord figure per seed', () => {
+        const RENDERABLE = [120, 240, 360, 480, 720, 960, 1440, 1920];
+        const seen = new Set<string>();
+        for (let seed = 0; seed < 30; seed++) {
+            const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'random', coverage: 'one-octave', seed }, pool);
+            expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+            if (!r.ok) continue;
+            for (const e of scoreEvents(r.value)) expect(RENDERABLE).toContain(e.durationTicks);
+            expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+            // The title reveals the resolved figure label
+            const match = r.value.title.match(/\(([^)]+)\,/);
+            if (match) seen.add(match[1]);
+        }
+        // Across seeds more than one distinct figure should appear
+        expect(seen.size).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+    });
+
+    it('random pattern is deterministic per seed', () => {
+        const a = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'random', coverage: 'two-octave', seed: 42 }, pool);
+        const b = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree: 'I', pattern: 'random', coverage: 'two-octave', seed: 42 }, pool);
+        expect(JSON.stringify(a)).toBe(JSON.stringify(b));
+    });
+
+    it('sweep: every pattern × degree × coverage produces only renderable ticks', () => {
+        const RENDERABLE = [120, 240, 360, 480, 720, 960, 1440, 1920];
+        const patterns = ['up', 'down', 'updown', '1235', '1321', '1325', '1535', '12353', '121321', '1353', '15453', '132532'] as const;
+        const degrees = ['I', 'ii', 'iii', 'IV', 'V', 'vi', 'vii0'] as const;
+        for (const pattern of patterns) {
+            for (const degree of degrees) {
+                for (const coverage of ['one-octave', 'two-octave'] as const) {
+                    const r = generateArpeggio({ ...base, degree, pattern, coverage }, pool);
+                    expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+                    if (!r.ok) continue;
+                    const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+                    expect(ev.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+                    for (const e of ev) expect(RENDERABLE).toContain(e.durationTicks);
+                    expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    });
+});

src/music/arpeggioGenerator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,535 @@
+/**
+ * Arpeggio generator (Phrase Mode material).
+ *
+ * Diatonic triads (I, ii, iii, IV, V, vi, vii°) built from the selected
+ * key/mode; each practice run arpeggiates ONE chord — the user picks the
+ * degree, the pattern (up / down / up-down / 1-2-3-5) and the coverage
+ * (one or two octaves). Chord tones are spelled via the key's degree
+ * spelling (same machinery as melody/scale generators), so spelling and
+ * validation match the Phrase Mode invariants exactly.
+ *
+ * Arpeggio mode is ALWAYS eighths (240 ticks per note). Meter is auto-derived
+ * from the pattern length — the user no longer picks rhythm or meter.
+ */
+import { PPQ, validateScore, type Result, type Score, type ScoreEvent } from '../score/model';
+import { keyFor, type KeyContext, type ModeId } from './scales';
+import { STEP_LETTERS, LETTER_PC, type StepLetter } from '../score/model';
+import { makeRng } from './melodyGenerator';
+
+export type ArpeggioDegree = 'I' | 'ii' | 'iii' | 'IV' | 'V' | 'vi' | 'vii0';
+export type ArpeggioPattern =
+    | 'up' | 'down' | 'updown' | '1235'
+    // Giuliani-style right-hand figures over one chord (indices into the
+    // chord cycle per note; 1=root 2=third 3=fifth 4=octave):
+    | '1321'   // root-fifth-third-root
+    | '1325'   // root-fifth-third-octave
+    | '1535'   // root-octave-fifth-octave
+    | '12353'  // root-third-fifth-octave-fifth
+    | '121321' // rolling thirds (root-third-root-fifth-third-root)
+    | '1353'   // root-third-fifth-third
+    | '15453'  // root-octave-fifth-octave-fifth-octave
+    | '132532' // long broken-chord wave
+    | 'custom' // user-defined pattern from customPattern digits
+    | 'random'; // one broken-chord figure, chosen randomly per exercise (seed)
+export type ArpeggioCoverage = 'one-octave' | 'two-octave';
+/** How the chord per bar is chosen in sequence mode. */
+export type ArpeggioProgression = 'random' | 'functional' | 'diatonic-cycle';
+
+export interface ArpeggioConfig {
+    readonly keyTonic: string;
+    readonly keyMode: ModeId;
+    readonly degree: ArpeggioDegree;
+    readonly pattern: ArpeggioPattern;
+    readonly coverage: ArpeggioCoverage;
+    /** Sequence mode: bars > 1 with chord progression selection. */
+    readonly bars?: number;
+    readonly progression?: ArpeggioProgression;
+    /** Restrict progression chords to these degrees (empty = all 7).
+     *  The first bar always uses `degree` if it is in the selection. */
+    readonly chordSelection?: readonly ArpeggioDegree[];
+    /** Seed for progression selection (deterministic). */
+    readonly seed?: number;
+    /** User-defined custom pattern digits (1-indexed: 1=root, 2=third, 3=fifth,
+     *  4=octave, 5=fifth-above-octave). Only used when pattern === 'custom'. */
+    readonly customPattern?: string;
+}
+
+/** Degree index (0-based) into the scale for each arpeggio degree label. */
+const DEGREE_INDEX: Record<ArpeggioDegree, number> = {
+    I: 0, ii: 1, iii: 2, IV: 3, V: 4, vi: 5, 'vii0': 6,
+};
+
+export const ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS: Record<ArpeggioDegree, string> = {
+    I: 'I', ii: 'ii', iii: 'iii', IV: 'IV', V: 'V', vi: 'vi', 'vii0': 'vii°',
+};
+
+export const PATTERN_LABELS: Record<ArpeggioPattern, string> = {
+    up: 'Up', down: 'Down', updown: 'Up & down', '1235': '1-2-3-5',
+    '1321': '1-3-2-1',
+    '1325': '1-3-2-5(8)',
+    '1535': '1-5-3-5(8)',
+    '12353': '1-2-3-5-3',
+    '121321': '1-2-1-3-2-1',
+    '1353': '1-3-5-3',
+    '15453': '1-5-4-5-3-5',
+    '132532': '1-3-2-5-3-2',
+    'custom': 'Custom…',
+    'random': 'Random',
+};
+
+/**
+ * Broken-chord figures — NOTE sequences (not fingerings): the bass takes the
+ * root, the remaining notes ride the upper chord tones.
+ * Indices into the octave cycle [0=root, 1=third, 2=fifth, 3=octave].
+ */
+const BROKEN_FIGURES: Record<string, number[]> = {
+    '1321': [0, 2, 1, 0],
+    '1325': [0, 2, 1, 3],
+    '1535': [0, 3, 2, 3],
+    '12353': [0, 1, 2, 3, 2],
+    '121321': [0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0],
+    '1353': [0, 1, 2, 1],
+    '15453': [0, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3],
+    '132532': [0, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1],
+};
+
+/**
+ * Renderable note durations — subset of VexFlow duration codes the
+ * PhraseSheetMusic renderer accepts. ALL generated durations MUST be in this
+ * set, otherwise the renderer produces ghost slots and crashes or misaligns.
+ */
+const RENDERABLE_NOTE_TICKS = new Set([120, 240, 360, 480, 720, 960, 1440, 1920]);
+
+/** Descending renderable durations for rest fills (largest first). */
+const REST_FILL_TICKS = [1920, 1440, 960, 720, 480, 240];
+
+/** pc of a spelled degree (step letter + alter). */
+const degreePc = (d: { step: StepLetter; alter: number }): number =>
+    (LETTER_PC[STEP_LETTERS.indexOf(d.step)] + d.alter + 144) % 12;
+
+/** Chord symbol name for a diatonic degree, e.g. "C", "Am", "Bdim". */
+function chordNameFor(key: KeyContext, degreeIndex: number): string {
+    const d = key.degrees[degreeIndex];
+    const third = key.degrees[(degreeIndex + 2) % 7];
+    const fifth = key.degrees[(degreeIndex + 4) % 7];
+    const root = d.step + (d.alter < 0 ? 'b'.repeat(-d.alter) : '#'.repeat(d.alter));
+    const thirdInterval = (degreePc(third) - degreePc(d) + 12) % 12;
+    const fifthInterval = (degreePc(fifth) - degreePc(d) + 12) % 12;
+    let suffix = '';
+    if (thirdInterval === 3 && fifthInterval === 7) suffix = 'm';
+    else if (thirdInterval === 3 && fifthInterval === 6) suffix = 'dim';
+    return root + suffix;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Chord-tone midi notes of the diatonic triad on `degreeIndex` (0-based),
+ * intersected with the playable pool, ascending.
+ */
+function chordTonesInPool(key: KeyContext, degreeIndex: number, pool: number[]): number[] {
+    const steps = [0, 2, 4].map(offset => (degreeIndex + offset) % 7);
+    const pcs = new Set(steps.map(i => degreePc(key.degrees[i])));
+    return pool.filter(midi => pcs.has(((midi % 12) + 12) % 12));
+}
+
+/** Spelling (step, alter) for a midi note in the key — via scale degrees. */
+function spellInKey(key: KeyContext, midi: number): { step: StepLetter; alter: number; octave: number } | null {
+    const pc = ((midi % 12) + 12) % 12;
+    const d = key.degrees.find(deg => degreePc(deg) === pc);
+    if (!d) return null;
+    const octave = (midi - pc) / 12 - 1;
+    return { step: d.step, alter: d.alter, octave };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Auto-derive a meter (3/4 or 4/4) from the number of eighths in the phrase.
+ * Always returns 3/4 or 4/4 — 6/8 is never used for arpeggios since it can
+ * produce non-renderable tick sizes with some pattern lengths.
+ *
+ * For N notes at 240 ticks each:
+ *   Try 4/4: bars4 = ceil(N*240 / 1920), remainder4 = bars4*1920 - N*240
+ *   Try 3/4: bars3 = ceil(N*240 / 1440), remainder3 = bars3*1440 - N*240
+ *   Pick the one with smaller remainder (fewer bars as tiebreaker).
+ */
+export function autoArpeggioMeter(noteCount: number): { numerator: 4 | 3; denominator: 4 } {
+    const totalTicks = noteCount * 240;
+    const bars4 = Math.ceil(totalTicks / 1920);
+    const remainder4 = bars4 * 1920 - totalTicks;
+    const bars3 = Math.ceil(totalTicks / 1440);
+    const remainder3 = bars3 * 1440 - totalTicks;
+
+    if (remainder3 < remainder4) return { numerator: 3, denominator: 4 };
+    if (remainder4 < remainder3) return { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 };
+    // equal remainders → prefer fewer bars
+    return bars3 <= bars4 ? { numerator: 3, denominator: 4 } : { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the arpeggio path: chord tones ascending from the lowest available
+ * root (degree tone) that allows a full one/two-octave cycle in the pool.
+ * Pattern up/down/updown/1235 is applied to one octave cycle.
+ */
+function buildPath(key: KeyContext, degreeIndex: number, pool: number[], coverage: ArpeggioCoverage, pattern: ArpeggioPattern): number[] | null {
+    const tones = chordTonesInPool(key, degreeIndex, pool);
+    if (tones.length < 3) return null; // need at least one full triad
+
+    const rootPc = degreePc(key.degrees[degreeIndex]);
+    const octaveCycle = (startMidi: number): number[] => {
+        // chord tones >= startMidi within one octave, INCLUDING the octave
+        // of the root (an arpeggio cycle conventionally ends on the octave)
+        const cycle: number[] = [];
+        for (const midi of tones) {
+            if (midi >= startMidi && midi <= startMidi + 12) cycle.push(midi);
+        }
+        if (!cycle.includes(startMidi + 12) && pool.includes(startMidi + 12)) {
+            cycle.push(startMidi + 12);
+        }
+        return cycle.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    };
+
+    const cycles: number[][] = [];
+    // candidate roots: chord-tone midis with pc == rootPc, ascending
+    const roots = tones.filter(m => ((m % 12) + 12) % 12 === rootPc);
+    const octavesWanted = coverage === 'one-octave' ? 1 : 2;
+    for (const root of roots) {
+        const first = octaveCycle(root);
+        if (first.length < 3 || first[0] !== root) continue;
+        // second octave: tones one octave above `root`
+        const second = first.map(m => m + 12).filter(m => pool.includes(m));
+        if (octavesWanted === 2 && second.length < 4) continue;
+        cycles.push(first);
+        break; // lowest fitting root
+    }
+    if (cycles.length === 0) return null;
+
+    const base = cycles[0];
+    const up = octavesWanted === 2
+        // base already ends on the octave of the root — the second octave
+        // continues from there (drop the duplicated turning root)
+        ? [...base, ...base.map(m => m + 12).slice(1)]
+        : base;
+
+    switch (pattern) {
+        case 'up': return up;
+        case 'down': return [...up].reverse();
+        case 'updown': {
+            // ascend then descend, dropping the duplicated turning note
+            const desc = [...up].reverse().slice(1);
+            return [...up, ...desc];
+        }
+        case '1235': {
+            // root, third, fifth, octave (of the root) — repeated per octave
+            const path: number[] = [];
+            for (let oct = 0; oct < octavesWanted; oct++) {
+                path.push(base[0] + 12 * oct);
+                path.push(base[1] + 12 * oct);
+                path.push(base[2] + 12 * oct);
+                path.push(base[0] + 12 * (oct + 1));
+            }
+            return path;
+        }
+        default: {
+            // Broken-chord figure: cycle [root, third, fifth, octave] with the
+            // figure selecting cycle positions per note; the octave wraps so
+            // e.g. 1321 over C-E-G becomes C G E C' ... (ascending octave
+            // register shift every figure repetition).
+            const figure = BROKEN_FIGURES[pattern];
+            // 4-note cycle per octave: root, third, fifth, octave
+            const cycleOct = (oct: number): number[] => [
+                base[0] + 12 * oct, base[1] + 12 * oct, base[2] + 12 * oct, base[0] + 12 * (oct + 1),
+            ];
+            const path: number[] = [];
+            for (let oct = 0; oct < octavesWanted; oct++) {
+                const c = cycleOct(oct);
+                for (const idx of figure) {
+                    const note = c[idx];
+                    if (note !== undefined && (oct === 0 || pool.includes(note))) path.push(note);
+                }
+            }
+            return path;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse custom pattern digits into cycle indices (0-based).
+ * Digits are 1-indexed: 1=root, 2=third, 3=fifth, 4=octave, 5=fifth-above-octave.
+ * Returns null for empty/invalid input.
+ */
+function parseCustomPattern(digits: string): number[] | null {
+    if (!digits || digits.trim().length === 0) return null;
+    const result: number[] = [];
+    for (const ch of digits.trim()) {
+        const n = parseInt(ch, 10);
+        if (isNaN(n) || n < 1 || n > 5) return null;
+        // Map 1→0 (root), 2→1 (third), 3→2 (fifth), 4→3 (octave), 5→4 (fifth above octave)
+        result.push(n - 1);
+    }
+    return result.length > 0 ? result : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a custom path from 0-based digit indices using the one-octave cycle
+ * [root, third, fifth, octave] (index 4 = fifth above the octave).
+ */
+function buildCustomPath(
+    base: number[],
+    pattern: number[],
+    octavesWanted: number,
+    pool: number[],
+): number[] | null {
+    const cycleOct = (oct: number): number[] => [
+        base[0] + 12 * oct, base[1] + 12 * oct, base[2] + 12 * oct, base[0] + 12 * (oct + 1),
+    ];
+
+    const path: number[] = [];
+    for (let oct = 0; oct < octavesWanted; oct++) {
+        const c = cycleOct(oct);
+        // Extend the cycle for digit 5: fifth above the octave (+7 semitones).
+        const extended = [...c, c[3] + 7];
+        for (const idx of pattern) {
+            const note = extended[idx];
+            if (note === undefined) continue;
+            if (oct > 0 && !pool.includes(note)) continue;
+            path.push(note);
+        }
+    }
+    return path.length > 0 ? path : null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the path for one chord (degree), honouring built-in patterns and the
+ * user-defined custom pattern. Returns null when the chord cannot be voiced
+ * in the playable pool.
+ */
+function pathForChord(
+    key: KeyContext,
+    degreeIndex: number,
+    pool: number[],
+    coverage: ArpeggioCoverage,
+    pattern: ArpeggioPattern,
+    customDigits: number[] | null,
+): number[] | null {
+    if (pattern === 'custom') {
+        if (!customDigits) return null;
+        const tones = chordTonesInPool(key, degreeIndex, pool);
+        if (tones.length < 3) return null;
+        const rootPc = degreePc(key.degrees[degreeIndex]);
+        const roots = tones.filter(m => ((m % 12) + 12) % 12 === rootPc);
+        const octavesWanted = coverage === 'one-octave' ? 1 : 2;
+        for (const root of roots) {
+            // chord tones >= root within one octave, including the octave
+            const cycle: number[] = [];
+            for (const midi of tones) {
+                if (midi >= root && midi <= root + 12) cycle.push(midi);
+            }
+            if (!cycle.includes(root + 12) && pool.includes(root + 12)) cycle.push(root + 12);
+            cycle.sort((a, b) => a - b);
+            if (cycle.length < 3 || cycle[0] !== root) continue;
+            const p = buildCustomPath(cycle, customDigits, octavesWanted, pool);
+            if (p) return p;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    return buildPath(key, degreeIndex, pool, coverage, pattern);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Emit one eighth-note event with key-aware spelling.
+ * Returns false when the midi note cannot be spelled in this key.
+ */
+function pushNote(
+    events: ScoreEvent[],
+    key: KeyContext,
+    midi: number,
+    startTick: number,
+    id: string,
+): boolean {
+    const spelled = spellInKey(key, midi);
+    if (!spelled) return false;
+    events.push({
+        id,
+        startTick,
+        durationTicks: 240,
+        pitch: { midi, ...spelled },
+    });
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fill the tail of the material (after the last note) with rests built from
+ * RENDERABLE durations only. Splits the gap greedily, largest duration first.
+ */
+function pushRestFill(events: ScoreEvent[], fromTick: number, untilTick: number): void {
+    let cursor = fromTick;
+    while (cursor < untilTick) {
+        const gap = untilTick - cursor;
+        const dur = REST_FILL_TICKS.find(d => d <= gap);
+        if (!dur) break; // gap smaller than an eighth — should not happen
+        events.push({
+            id: `r${events.length}`,
+            startTick: cursor,
+            durationTicks: dur,
+            pitch: null, // rest
+        });
+        cursor += dur;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the effective broken-chord figure for this exercise. 'random'
+ * picks one deterministic figure per seed so every auto-continued run gets
+ * a fresh broken-chord pattern while remaining reproducible.
+ */
+function resolveRandomPattern(pattern: ArpeggioPattern, seed: number): ArpeggioPattern {
+    if (pattern !== 'random') return pattern;
+    const figures = Object.keys(BROKEN_FIGURES);
+    const rng = makeRng(seed * 7919 + 13);
+    return figures[Math.floor(rng() * figures.length)] as ArpeggioPattern;
+}
+
+export function generateArpeggio(
+    config: ArpeggioConfig,
+    eligiblePitches: number[],
+): Result<Score> {
+    const key = keyFor(config.keyTonic, config.keyMode);
+    const pool = Array.from(new Set(eligiblePitches.filter(m => Number.isInteger(m)))).sort((a, b) => a - b);
+    if (pool.length === 0) return { ok: false, error: 'No playable notes in the selected range — widen the note set.' };
+
+    const bars = config.bars ?? 1;
+    const pattern = resolveRandomPattern(config.pattern, config.seed ?? 0);
+    const coverage = config.coverage;
+
+    // ---- Chord sequence ----------------------------------------------------
+    const degreeIndices: number[] = [];
+    const sel = (config.chordSelection ?? []).filter(d => d in DEGREE_INDEX).map(d => DEGREE_INDEX[d as ArpeggioDegree]);
+    const pool7 = sel.length > 0 ? Array.from(new Set(sel)).sort((a, b) => a - b) : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
+    if (bars === 1) {
+        degreeIndices.push(DEGREE_INDEX[config.degree]);
+    } else {
+        const rng = makeRng(config.seed ?? 1);
+        const pick = <T,>(arr: T[]): T => arr[Math.floor(rng() * arr.length)];
+        for (let b = 0; b < bars; b++) {
+            if (b === 0) {
+                degreeIndices.push(pool7.includes(DEGREE_INDEX[config.degree]) && rng() < 0.34
+                    ? DEGREE_INDEX[config.degree]
+                    : pick(pool7));
+                continue;
+            }
+            const prev = degreeIndices[b - 1];
+            if (config.progression === 'diatonic-cycle') {
+                let next = (prev + 1) % 7;
+                for (let tries = 0; tries < 7 && !pool7.includes(next); tries++) next = (next + 1) % 7;
+                degreeIndices.push(next);
+            } else if (config.progression === 'functional') {
+                const NEXT: Record<number, number[]> = {
+                    0: [3, 4, 5],
+                    1: [4],
+                    2: [3, 5],
+                    3: [0, 4],
+                    4: [0, 5],
+                    5: [1, 3],
+                    6: [0],
+                };
+                const targets = (NEXT[prev] ?? [0]).filter(d => pool7.includes(d));
+                degreeIndices.push(pick(targets.length > 0 ? targets : pool7.filter(d => d !== prev)));
+            } else {
+                const candidates = pool7.filter(d => d !== prev);
+                degreeIndices.push(pick(candidates.length > 0 ? candidates : pool7));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- Custom pattern digits (only for pattern === 'custom') --------------
+    const customDigits = pattern === 'custom' ? parseCustomPattern(config.customPattern ?? '') : null;
+    if (pattern === 'custom' && !customDigits) {
+        return { ok: false, error: 'Custom pattern is empty or invalid — enter digits like "1321" (1=root, 2=third, 3=fifth, 4=octave).' };
+    }
+
+    // ---- Build the path for the first chord ----------------------------------
+    // All bars share the same pattern, so the path length (and thus meter) is
+    // derived from the first chord's voicing. Sequence mode repeats the path
+    // within each bar, so the meter also derives from the path length itself.
+    const firstPath = pathForChord(key, degreeIndices[0], pool, coverage, pattern, customDigits);
+    if (!firstPath || firstPath.length === 0) {
+        return {
+            ok: false,
+            error: 'The arpeggio does not fit the playable range — widen the range (strings/fret window) or pick another degree.',
+        };
+    }
+    const meter = autoArpeggioMeter(firstPath.length);
+    const notesPerBar = meter.numerator * 2; // 2 eighths per beat
+    const barLength = meter.numerator * PPQ;
+    const noteDur = 240; // always eighths
+
+    // ---- Events: single-chord vs sequence mode --------------------------------
+    const events: ScoreEvent[] = [];
+    const chordSymbols: (string | null)[] = [];
+
+    if (bars === 1) {
+        // Single-chord mode: the path plays once; any remaining ticks in the
+        // final bar(s) become rests (renderable durations only). The path is
+        // NEVER stretched — durations stay at 240 ticks.
+        const barCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil((firstPath.length * noteDur) / barLength));
+        chordSymbols.push(chordNameFor(key, degreeIndices[0]));
+
+        let cursor = 0;
+        for (let slot = 0; slot < firstPath.length; slot++) {
+            pushNote(events, key, firstPath[slot], cursor, `a0-${slot}`);
+            cursor += noteDur;
+        }
+        const totalTicks = barCount * barLength;
+        if (cursor < totalTicks) pushRestFill(events, cursor, totalTicks);
+    } else {
+        // Sequence mode: one chord per bar, each bar holds exactly
+        // `notesPerBar` eighths (the path cycles if it is shorter, and is
+        // truncated if longer — with two-octave coverage the auto-derived
+        // meter always gives enough room).
+        let cursor = 0;
+        for (let b = 0; b < bars; b++) {
+            const di = degreeIndices[b];
+            chordSymbols.push(chordNameFor(key, di));
+            const barPath = pathForChord(key, di, pool, coverage, pattern, customDigits);
+            if (!barPath || barPath.length === 0) {
+                return { ok: false, error: `Cannot voice arpeggio for chord ${chordNameFor(key, di)}.` };
+            }
+            for (let n = 0; n < notesPerBar; n++) {
+                pushNote(events, key, barPath[n % barPath.length], cursor, `a${b}-${n}`);
+                cursor += noteDur;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ---- Validate all durations are renderable -----------------------------
+    for (const e of events) {
+        if (!RENDERABLE_NOTE_TICKS.has(e.durationTicks)) {
+            return { ok: false, error: `Internal arpeggio error: non-renderable duration ${e.durationTicks} at ${e.id}.` };
+        }
+    }
+
+    const chordName = `${key.tonic} ${ARPEGGIO_DEGREE_LABELS[config.degree]}`;
+    const patternLabel = PATTERN_LABELS[pattern];
+    const totalMeasures = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(events.reduce((s, e) => Math.max(s, e.startTick + e.durationTicks), 0) / barLength));
+    const title = bars === 1
+        ? `Arpeggio — ${chordName} (${patternLabel}, ${coverage})`
+        : `Arpeggio — ${key.tonic}: ${bars} bars (${config.progression ?? 'functional'})`;
+    const score: Score = {
+        version: 1,
+        id: `arpeggio-${config.keyTonic}-${config.keyMode}-${config.degree}-${config.pattern}-${config.coverage}-${bars}b-${config.progression ?? 'single'}-${config.seed ?? 0}`,
+        title,
+        meter,
+        key: { tonic: config.keyTonic, mode: config.keyMode, signature: key.signature },
+        measures: Array.from({ length: totalMeasures }, (_, i) => ({
+            number: i + 1,
+            startTick: i * barLength,
+            durationTicks: barLength,
+        })),
+        chordSymbols: bars === 1
+            // repeat the single chord symbol across the overflow bars
+            ? Array.from({ length: totalMeasures }, () => chordSymbols[0])
+            : chordSymbols,
+        voices: [{ id: 'melody', events }],
+    };
+    const problems = validateScore(score);
+    if (problems.length > 0) return { ok: false, error: `Internal arpeggio error: ${problems[0]}` };
+    return { ok: true, value: score };
+}

src/music/giulianiGenerator.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { generateGiulianiStudy, type GiulianiPattern } from './giulianiGenerator';
+import { scoreEvents, validateScore } from '../score/model';
+
+const strings = [40, 45, 50, 55, 59, 64];
+const pool: number[] = [];
+for (const open of strings) for (let f = 0; f <= 12; f++) pool.push(open + f);
+
+const base = {
+    keyTonic: 'C',
+    keyMode: 'major' as const,
+    tuningId: 'standard',
+    bars: 4,
+    chordSelection: [] as string[],
+    allowedStrings: [] as number[],
+};
+
+describe('generateGiulianiStudy', () => {
+    it('generates a 4-bar p-i-m-a study in C major', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 5 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+        expect(r.value.measures.length).toBe(4);
+        // 4 voices → 4/4 auto-derived; eighths: 8 notes per bar
+        expect(ev.length).toBe(4 * 8);
+        expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+        expect(r.value.title).toContain('Giuliani');
+    });
+
+    it('keeps figure notes on distinct strings per repetition (voicing rule)', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 3 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        // For each repetition of 4 consecutive notes, all midis must differ
+        // (distinct cycle positions → distinct pitches within a beat figure)
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+        for (let i = 0; i + 3 < ev.length; i += 4) {
+            const four = ev.slice(i, i + 4).map(e => e.pitch!.midi);
+            expect(new Set(four).size).toBe(4);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('six-note figures work (pimamim)', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pimamim', seed: 1 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+        // 6 voices → 3/4 auto-derived; eighths: 6 notes per bar (one cycle)
+        expect(ev.length).toBe(4 * 6);
+        expect(ev.every(e => e.durationTicks === 240)).toBe(true);
+        expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('is deterministic per seed', () => {
+        const a = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pim', seed: 9 }, pool);
+        const b = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pim', seed: 9 }, pool);
+        expect(JSON.stringify(a) === JSON.stringify(b)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('honors string restrictions (fails cleanly when impossible)', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 2, allowedStrings: [0] }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(false); // 4 voices cannot live on one string
+    });
+});
+
+describe('generateGiulianiStudy — always-eighths + new patterns', () => {
+    it('all note durations are exactly 240 across every pattern', () => {
+        const patterns = ['pim', 'pima', 'pami', 'aim', 'pimamim', 'pmamim', 'piai', 'pmami', 'pimami', 'pimaia', 'pimai', 'pmia', 'pmim'] as const;
+        for (const p of patterns) {
+            const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: p, seed: 1 }, pool);
+            expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+            if (!r.ok) continue;
+            const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+            const RENDERABLE = [120, 240, 360, 480, 720, 960, 1440, 1920];
+            for (const e of ev.filter(x => x.pitch)) expect(e.durationTicks).toBe(240);
+            for (const e of ev.filter(x => x.pitch === null)) expect(RENDERABLE).toContain(e.durationTicks);
+            expect(validateScore(r.value)).toEqual([]);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('alternating bass puts the fifth degree in the bass on even bars', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 4, bars: 4, alternateBass: true }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+        const full = 4 * 480; // 4/4 bar
+        // Even bars (0-indexed): first note of each figure cycle is the bass.
+        // Its pc must be the FIFTH of the bar's chord (C major: cycle starts
+        // on I or another diatonic chord; verify bass ≠ root and bass = fifth).
+        for (let bar = 0; bar < 4; bar += 2) {
+            const barEv = ev.filter(e => e.startTick >= bar * full && e.startTick < (bar + 1) * full);
+            expect(barEv.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+            const bassMidi = barEv[0].pitch!.midi;
+            const upperPcs = new Set(barEv.slice(1).map(e => e.pitch!.midi % 12));
+            // the bass pc must NOT equal any upper-voice root pc check below;
+            // direct check: bass pc differs from the plain-root voicing
+            const plain = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 4, bars: 4 }, pool);
+            expect(plain.ok).toBe(true);
+            if (!plain.ok) return;
+            const plainEv = scoreEvents(plain.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+            const plainBass = plainEv.filter(e => e.startTick >= bar * full && e.startTick < (bar + 1) * full)[0];
+            expect(bassMidi % 12).not.toBe(plainBass.pitch!.midi % 12);
+            // and it must be a fifth above the root (7 semitones) — i.e. a
+            // chord tone that is neither root nor third of the upper cycle
+            const bassPc = bassMidi % 12;
+            const rootPc = plainBass.pitch!.midi % 12;
+            // fifth of a diatonic triad: +7 semitones (+6 for the dim chord)
+            expect([6, 7]).toContain((bassPc - rootPc + 12) % 12);
+            void upperPcs;
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('odd bars keep the root bass when alternating is on', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 4, bars: 4, alternateBass: true }, pool);
+        const plain = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pima', seed: 4, bars: 4 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok && plain.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok || !plain.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+        const plainEv = scoreEvents(plain.value).filter(e => e.pitch);
+        const full = 4 * 480;
+        for (let bar = 1; bar < 4; bar += 2) {
+            const bass = ev.filter(e => e.startTick >= bar * full && e.startTick < (bar + 1) * full)[0];
+            const plainBass = plainEv.filter(e => e.startTick >= bar * full && e.startTick < (bar + 1) * full)[0];
+            expect(bass.pitch!.midi % 12).toBe(plainBass.pitch!.midi % 12);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('new figure lengths auto-derive the specified meter', () => {
+        const cases: [GiulianiPattern, 3 | 4][] = [
+            ['pim', 3], ['pima', 4], ['pimamim', 3], ['pimai', 4], ['pmia', 4], ['pmim', 4],
+        ];
+        for (const [p, num] of cases) {
+            const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: p, seed: 2 }, pool);
+            expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+            if (!r.ok) continue;
+            expect(r.value.meter.numerator).toBe(num);
+            expect(r.value.meter.denominator).toBe(4);
+        }
+    });
+
+    it('5-voice figures (pimai) fill 4/4 with a trailing 720-tick rest', () => {
+        const r = generateGiulianiStudy({ ...base, pattern: 'pimai', seed: 2, bars: 2 }, pool);
+        expect(r.ok).toBe(true);
+        if (!r.ok) return;
+        const ev = scoreEvents(r.value);
+        const full = 1920;
+        for (let bar = 0; bar < 2; bar++) {
+            const barEv = ev.filter(e => e.startTick >= bar * full && e.startTick < (bar + 1) * full);
+            const rest = barEv.find(e => e.pitch === null);
+            expect(rest).toBeDefined();
+            expect(rest!.startTick).toBe(bar * full + 1200);
+            expect(rest!.durationTicks).toBe(720);
+        }
+    });
+});

src/music/giulianiGenerator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+/**
+ * Giuliani study generator (Phrase Mode material) — its own category
+ * because the figures require a REAL guitar voicing: the thumb takes the
+ * bass (root on a lower string) and i/m/a ride higher strings. A figure is
+ * only playable when each consecutive voice slot maps to a distinct string
+ * with a valid fret in the playable pool — arbitrary chord arpeggios cannot
+ * guarantee that.
+ *
+ * Voicing search: for a figure of voice-count V, pick a bass string (for
+ * the root) and V-1 higher strings; each note of the cycle is placed on its
+ * designated string at the fret matching the chord tone. Figure repeats
+ * over the chord; every bar re-voices (deterministically) so sequences work.
+ *
+ * Rhythm is ALWAYS eighths (240 ticks per note); meter is auto-derived from
+ * the figure length, so odd figure lengths never produce non-renderable
+ * durations.
+ */
+import { PPQ, validateScore, type Result, type Score, type ScoreEvent, STEP_LETTERS, LETTER_PC, type StepLetter } from '../score/model';
+import { keyFor, type KeyContext, type ModeId } from './scales';
+import { TUNINGS, type Tuning } from '../music/Tunings';
+import { makeRng } from './melodyGenerator';
+
+export type GiulianiPattern =
+    | 'pim'      // Studies 1–20 feel: bass + two upper voices
+    | 'pima'     // Studies 21–40: bass + three upper voices
+    | 'pami'     // bass + descending upper voices
+    | 'aim'      // upper voices first
+    | 'pimamim'  // six-note rolling
+    | 'pmamim'   // asymmetric
+    | 'piai'     // bass + octave-third (wide spacing)
+    | 'pmami'    // bass + fifth-octave-third
+    | 'pimami'   // bass-third-fifth-octave-third-fifth (waltz-like)
+    | 'pimaia'   // bass with two upper-voice pairs
+    | 'pimai'    // p-i-m-a-i
+    | 'pmia'     // p-m-i-a
+    | 'pmim';    // p-m-i-m
+
+export const GIULIANI_PATTERN_LABELS: Record<GiulianiPattern, string> = {
+    pim: 'p-i-m (3 voices)',
+    pima: 'p-i-m-a (4 voices)',
+    pami: 'p-a-m-i',
+    aim: 'a-i-m',
+    pimamim: 'p-i-m-a-m-i',
+    pmamim: 'p-m-a-m-i-m',
+    piai: 'p-i-a-i (wide)',
+    pmami: 'p-m-a-m-i',
+    pimami: 'p-i-m-a-m-i (waltz)',
+    pimaia: 'p-i-m-a-i-a',
+    pimai: 'p-i-m-a-i',
+    pmia: 'p-m-i-a',
+    pmim: 'p-m-i-m',
+};
+
+/** Figure voice slots per repetition (indices into the cycle [root, third, fifth, octave]). */
+const FIGURES: Record<GiulianiPattern, number[]> = {
+    pim: [0, 1, 2],
+    pima: [0, 1, 2, 3],
+    pami: [0, 3, 2, 1],
+    aim: [0, 3, 1],
+    pimamim: [0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1],
+    pmamim: [0, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2],
+    piai: [0, 1, 3, 1],
+    pmami: [0, 2, 3, 2, 1],
+    pimami: [0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1],
+    pimaia: [0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3],
+    pimai: [0, 1, 2, 3, 1],
+    pmia: [0, 2, 1, 3],
+    pmim: [0, 2, 1, 2],
+};
+
+export interface GiulianiConfig {
+    readonly keyTonic: string;
+    readonly keyMode: ModeId;
+    readonly pattern: GiulianiPattern;
+    readonly tuningId: string;
+    /** Bars (one chord per bar). */
+    readonly bars: number;
+    /** Chord degrees allowed (empty = all 7). */
+    readonly chordSelection: readonly string[];
+    /** Seed for chord sequence + voicing choices. */
+    readonly seed: number;
+    /** Deterministic pattern from the practice filter (strings restriction). */
+    readonly allowedStrings: readonly number[];
+    /** Alternating bass: even bars (0-indexed) take the fifth degree as the
+     *  bass note instead of the root. Upper voices stay on chord tones. */
+    readonly alternateBass?: boolean;
+}
+
+const DEGREE_INDEX: Record<string, number> = { I: 0, ii: 1, iii: 2, IV: 3, V: 4, vi: 5, 'vii0': 6 };
+
+const degreePc = (d: { step: StepLetter; alter: number }): number =>
+    (LETTER_PC[STEP_LETTERS.indexOf(d.step)] + d.alter + 144) % 12;
+
+function chordNameFor(key: KeyContext, degreeIndex: number): string {
+    const d = key.degrees[degreeIndex];
+    const third = key.degrees[(degreeIndex + 2) % 7];
+    const fifth = key.degrees[(degreeIndex + 4) % 7];
+    const root = d.step + (d.alter < 0 ? 'b'.repeat(-d.alter) : '#'.repeat(d.alter));
+    const thirdInterval = (degreePc(third) - degreePc(d) + 12) % 12;
+    const fifthInterval = (degreePc(fifth) - degreePc(d) + 12) % 12;
+    let suffix = '';
+    if (thirdInterval === 3 && fifthInterval === 7) suffix = 'm';
+    else if (thirdInterval === 3 && fifthInterval === 6) suffix = 'dim';
+    return root + suffix;
+}
+
+interface ChordTone { readonly pc: number; readonly step: StepLetter; readonly alter: number }
+
+/** Diatonic triad pcs for a degree, spelled. */
+function triadPcs(key: KeyContext, degreeIndex: number): ChordTone[] {
+    return [0, 2, 4].map(o => key.degrees[(degreeIndex + o) % 7]).map(d => ({
+        pc: degreePc(d), step: d.step, alter: d.alter,
+    }));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Auto-derive meter from the figure length (always eighths):
+ *   3 voices (240×3=720):  3/4 (2 cycles = 1440, perfect fit)
+ *   4 voices (240×4=960):  4/4 (2 cycles = 1920, perfect fit)
+ *   5 voices (240×5=1200): 4/4 (1 cycle + 720 rest)
+ *   6 voices (240×6=1440): 3/4 (1 cycle = 1440, perfect fit)
+ */
+export function autoGiulianiMeter(figureLength: number): { numerator: 3 | 4; denominator: 4 } {
+    switch (figureLength) {
+        case 3: return { numerator: 3, denominator: 4 };
+        case 4: return { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 };
+        case 5: return { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 };
+        case 6: return { numerator: 3, denominator: 4 };
+        default: {
+            // Fall back to the same remainder heuristic as arpeggios.
+            const totalTicks = figureLength * 240;
+            const bars4 = Math.ceil(totalTicks / 1920);
+            const remainder4 = bars4 * 1920 - totalTicks;
+            const bars3 = Math.ceil(totalTicks / 1440);
+            const remainder3 = bars3 * 1440 - totalTicks;
+            if (remainder3 < remainder4) return { numerator: 3, denominator: 4 };
+            if (remainder4 < remainder3) return { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 };
+            return bars3 <= bars4 ? { numerator: 3, denominator: 4 } : { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Voice a figure bar: assign each cycle position (root/third/fifth/octave)
+ * to a string with a valid fret, bass string lowest. Returns per-slot
+ * {stringIndex, fret, midi} or null when impossible with the allowed strings.
+ * When `bassOverridePc` is given, the bass (cycle position 0) uses that pitch
+ * class instead of the root (alternating bass).
+ */
+function voiceBar(
+    tuning: Tuning,
+    chord: ChordTone[],
+    pattern: GiulianiPattern,
+    allowedStrings: number[],
+    bassOverridePc?: number,
+): { stringIndex: number; fret: number; midi: number }[] | null {
+    const figure = FIGURES[pattern];
+    const maxVoice = Math.max(...figure) + 1; // e.g. 3 for p-i-m, 4 for p-i-m-a
+    const bassPc = bassOverridePc ?? chord[0].pc;
+
+    // Candidate strings sorted low→high for the bass; upper voices fill above.
+    const strings = tuning.strings.map((open, idx) => ({ open, idx }));
+    const sorted = [...strings].sort((a, b) => a.open - b.open);
+    const usable = sorted.filter(s => allowedStrings.length === 0 || allowedStrings.includes(s.idx));
+
+    // cyclePcs[i] = pitch class of cycle position i (0 = bass, 1..3 = upper
+    // chord tones: third, fifth, octave-of-root).
+    const cyclePcs = [...chord.map(c => c.pc), (chord[0].pc + 12) % 12];
+    if (bassOverridePc !== undefined) cyclePcs[0] = bassOverridePc;
+
+    const bassCandidates = usable.filter(s => {
+        // bass must be able to reach the bass pc within 12 frets
+        for (let fret = 0; fret <= 12; fret++) {
+            if (((s.open + fret) % 12 + 12) % 12 === bassPc) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    });
+
+    for (const bass of bassCandidates) {
+        // assign remaining voices to strings above the bass
+        const uppers = usable.filter(s => s.open > bass.open).slice(0, maxVoice - 1);
+        if (uppers.length < maxVoice - 1) continue;
+        // Voice slots: cycle positions 1..maxVoice-1 map to uppers in order
+        const slotStrings: ({ open: number; idx: number } | null)[] = [bass];
+        for (let v = 1; v < maxVoice; v++) slotStrings.push(uppers[v - 1]);
+
+        let ok = true;
+        const placement: { stringIndex: number; fret: number; midi: number }[] = [];
+        const usedFrets = new Set<string>();
+        for (let slot = 0; slot < maxVoice; slot++) {
+            const pc = cyclePcs[slot];
+            const s = slotStrings[slot];
+            if (!s) { ok = false; break; }
+            let found: number | null = null;
+            for (let fret = 0; fret <= 12; fret++) {
+                if ((((s.open + fret) % 12) + 12) % 12 === pc) { found = fret; break; }
+            }
+            if (found === null) { ok = false; break; }
+            const midi = s.open + found;
+            const key = `${slot}:${found}`;
+            if (usedFrets.has(key)) { ok = false; break; } // same string double-stop — not for these studies
+            usedFrets.add(key);
+            placement.push({ stringIndex: s.idx, fret: found, midi });
+        }
+        if (ok) return placement;
+    }
+    return null;
+}
+
+export function generateGiulianiStudy(
+    config: GiulianiConfig,
+    eligiblePitches: number[],
+): Result<Score> {
+    const tuning = TUNINGS[config.tuningId];
+    if (!tuning) return { ok: false, error: 'No tuning available for Giuliani studies — pick a fretted instrument.' };
+    const key = keyFor(config.keyTonic, config.keyMode);
+
+    const poolSet = new Set(eligiblePitches.filter(m => Number.isInteger(m)));
+    if (poolSet.size === 0) return { ok: false, error: 'No playable notes in the selected range — widen the note set.' };
+
+    const rng = makeRng(config.seed);
+    const pick = <T,>(arr: T[]): T => arr[Math.floor(rng() * arr.length)];
+
+    // Chord sequence: random from selection (no immediate repeats)
+    const sel = (config.chordSelection ?? []).filter(d => d in DEGREE_INDEX);
+    const poolDegrees = (sel.length > 0 ? sel : Object.keys(DEGREE_INDEX)) as string[];
+    const degreeIndices: number[] = [];
+    for (let b = 0; b < config.bars; b++) {
+        const prev = degreeIndices[b - 1];
+        const candidates = poolDegrees
+            .map(d => DEGREE_INDEX[d])
+            .filter(di => di !== prev);
+        degreeIndices.push(pick(candidates.length > 0 ? candidates : poolDegrees.map(d => DEGREE_INDEX[d])));
+    }
+
+    // Voice each bar; drop bars that cannot be voiced (rare with full pool).
+    const figure = FIGURES[config.pattern];
+    // Meter is ALWAYS auto-derived from the figure length; the user no longer
+    // picks a meter for Giuliani studies.
+    const meter = autoGiulianiMeter(figure.length);
+    const full = meter.numerator * PPQ;
+    const events: ScoreEvent[] = [];
+    const chordSymbols: (string | null)[] = [];
+    const usableBars: { degreeIndex: number; placement: ReturnType<typeof voiceBar> }[] = [];
+    for (let b = 0; b < degreeIndices.length; b++) {
+        const di = degreeIndices[b];
+        const chord = triadPcs(key, di);
+        // Alternating bass: even bars (0-indexed) take the fifth degree as
+        // the bass note instead of the root.
+        const bassOverridePc = config.alternateBass && b % 2 === 0
+            ? chord[2].pc
+            : undefined;
+        const placement = voiceBar(tuning, chord, config.pattern, config.allowedStrings as number[], bassOverridePc);
+        if (!placement) continue;
+        usableBars.push({ degreeIndex: di, placement });
+    }
+    if (usableBars.length === 0) {
+        return { ok: false, error: 'No bar could be voiced with the current string selection — allow more strings or a lower fret window.' };
+    }
+
+    // Rhythm: ALWAYS eighths (240 ticks). Each bar holds
+    // `notesPerBar = (bar length / 240)` notes; the figure repeats to fill
+    // the bar. For 3- and 4-voice figures in their derived meter this is a
+    // whole number of repetitions; 5-voice figures in 4/4 leave a 720-tick
+    // rest at the bar end.
+    const notesPerBar = Math.floor((meter.numerator * PPQ) / 240);
+    const fillSlots = Math.floor(notesPerBar / figure.length) * figure.length;
+
+    let cursor = 0;
+    for (let b = 0; b < usableBars.length; b++) {
+        const { degreeIndex, placement } = usableBars[b];
+        if (!placement) continue; // filtered above, but satisfies strict TS
+        chordSymbols.push(chordNameFor(key, degreeIndex));
+        for (let n = 0; n < fillSlots; n++) {
+            const f = n % figure.length;
+            const slot = figure[f];
+            const note = placement[slot];
+            if (!note) continue;
+            // spelling via key degree of this pc
+            const pc = ((note.midi % 12) + 12) % 12;
+            const d = key.degrees.find(deg => degreePc(deg) === pc);
+            if (!d) continue;
+            const octave = (note.midi - pc) / 12 - 1;
+            events.push({
+                id: `g${b}-${n}`,
+                startTick: cursor,
+                durationTicks: 240,
+                pitch: { midi: note.midi, step: d.step, alter: d.alter, octave },
+            });
+            cursor += 240;
+        }
+        // Rest fill for figure lengths that leave a gap (e.g. 5 voices in 4/4:
+        // one cycle = 1200 ticks, remaining 720 = dotted quarter rest).
+        const barStart = b * full;
+        const barEnd = barStart + full;
+        if (cursor < barEnd) {
+            const gap = barEnd - cursor;
+            events.push({
+                id: `gr${b}`,
+                startTick: cursor,
+                durationTicks: gap,
+                pitch: null,
+            });
+            cursor = barEnd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const totalBars = usableBars.length;
+    const score: Score = {
+        version: 1,
+        id: `giuliani-${config.keyTonic}-${config.keyMode}-${config.pattern}-${config.bars}b-${config.seed}`,
+        title: `Giuliani study — ${key.tonic} ${config.pattern} (${totalBars} bars)`,
+        meter,
+        key: { tonic: config.keyTonic, mode: config.keyMode, signature: key.signature },
+        measures: Array.from({ length: totalBars }, (_, i) => ({
+            number: i + 1,
+            startTick: i * full,
+            durationTicks: full,
+        })),
+        chordSymbols,
+        voices: [{ id: 'melody', events }],
+    };
+    const problems = validateScore(score);
+    if (problems.length > 0) return { ok: false, error: `Internal giuliani error: ${problems[0]}` };
+    return { ok: true, value: score };
+}

src/music/melodyBarTotal.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { generateMelody } from './melodyGenerator';
+import { scoreEvents, validateScore } from '../score/model';
+
+// Reproduce user report: "bei 4/4 manchmal 5 Viertel in bar 2"
+describe('melody generator bar totals (4/4, level 2)', () => {
+    const strings = [40, 45, 50, 55, 59, 64];
+    const pool: number[] = [];
+    for (const open of strings) for (let f = 0; f <= 12; f++) pool.push(open + f);
+
+    it('bar 2 always totals exactly one bar', () => {
+        let checked = 0;
+        for (let seed = 1; seed <= 500; seed++) {
+            const r = generateMelody(
+                { keyTonic: 'C', keyMode: 'major', bars: 2, meter: { numerator: 4, denominator: 4 }, rhythmLevel: 2, seed },
+                pool,
+            );
+            if (!r.ok) continue;
+            checked++;
+            const ev = scoreEvents(r.value.score);
+            const problems = validateScore(r.value.score);
+            expect(problems, `seed ${seed}`).toEqual([]);
+            const bar2 = ev.filter(e => e.startTick >= 1920 && e.startTick < 3840);
+            const bar2Len = bar2.reduce((a, e) => a + e.durationTicks, 0);
+            expect(bar2Len, `seed ${seed} bar2 ticks`).toBe(1920);
+        }
+        expect(checked).toBeGreaterThan(400);
+    });
+});

src/music/melodyGenerator.ts

@@ -30,9 +30,10 @@ export interface MelodyConfig {
     readonly keyMode: ModeId;
     /** 1..8 */
     readonly bars: number;
-    readonly meter: { readonly numerator: 3 | 4; readonly denominator: 4 };
+    readonly meter: { readonly numerator: 3 | 4 | 6; readonly denominator: 4 };
-    /** 1 = Simple (quarters/halves/wholes), 2 = Mixed (+ paired eighths, dotted quarters). */
+    /** 1 = Simple (quarters/halves/wholes), 2 = Mixed (+ paired eighths, dotted quarters),
-    readonly rhythmLevel: 1 | 2;
+     *  3 = Elaborate (+ sixteenths, sixteenth groups, dotted eighths). */
+    readonly rhythmLevel: 1 | 2 | 3;
     readonly seed: number;
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +54,32 @@ const TEMPLATES_4_L2: number[][] = [
     [720, 720, 480],
     [720, 480, 240, 240, 240],
 ];
+// Level 3: sixteenth-note material (120 = 16th, 360 = dotted 8th).
+const TEMPLATES_4_L3: number[][] = [
+    [480, 480, 120, 120, 120, 120, 480],
+    [120, 120, 120, 120, 480, 480, 480],
+    [480, 120, 120, 120, 120, 480, 480],
+    [360, 120, 480, 480, 480],
+    [480, 360, 120, 480, 480],
+    [120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 480, 480],
+    [480, 480, 360, 120, 480],
+    [720, 120, 120, 120, 120, 480],
+];
+// 6/8 templates (6 quarter-ticks = 2880 per bar; 8th-note oriented).
+const TEMPLATES_6_L1: number[][] = [
+    [240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 480, 480],
+    [480, 480, 240, 240, 240, 240, 480, 480],
+    [240, 240, 480, 480, 480, 240, 240, 240, 240],
+    [960, 480, 480, 480, 480],
+    [480, 480, 480, 480, 960],
+    [1440, 480, 480, 480],
+];
+const TEMPLATES_6_L2: number[][] = [
+[480, 480, 120, 120, 120, 120, 240, 240, 480, 480],
+    [120, 120, 120, 120, 480, 480, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240],
+    [480, 240, 240, 480, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240],
+    [480, 240, 240, 480, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240],
+    [480, 240, 240, 480, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240, 240],];
 const TEMPLATES_3_L1: number[][] = [
     [480, 480, 480],
     [960, 480],
@@ -65,12 +92,33 @@ const TEMPLATES_3_L2: number[][] = [
     [720, 720],
     [720, 240, 240, 240],
 ];
+// Level 3 for 3/4: sixteenth material filling 1440 ticks.
+const TEMPLATES_3_L3: number[][] = [
+    [480, 120, 120, 120, 120, 480, 480],
+    [120, 120, 120, 120, 480, 480, 480],
+    [360, 120, 480, 480, 480],
+    [480, 360, 120, 480, 480],
+    [120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 120, 480],
+];
 
-function templatesFor(meter: { numerator: 3 | 4 }, level: 1 | 2): number[][] {
+function templatesFor(meter: { numerator: 3 | 4 | 6 }, level: 1 | 2 | 3): number[][] {
-    const base = meter.numerator === 4
+    let base: number[][];
-        ? (level === 1 ? TEMPLATES_4_L1 : [...TEMPLATES_4_L1, ...TEMPLATES_4_L2])
+    if (meter.numerator === 4) {
-        : (level === 1 ? TEMPLATES_3_L1 : [...TEMPLATES_3_L1, ...TEMPLATES_3_L2]);
+        base = level === 1 ? TEMPLATES_4_L1 : level === 2 ? [...TEMPLATES_4_L1, ...TEMPLATES_4_L2] : [...TEMPLATES_4_L1, ...TEMPLATES_4_L2, ...TEMPLATES_4_L3];
-    return base.filter(t => t.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) === meter.numerator * PPQ);
+    } else if (meter.numerator === 6) {
+        base = level === 1 ? TEMPLATES_6_L1 : [...TEMPLATES_6_L1, ...TEMPLATES_6_L2];
+    } else {
+        base = level === 1 ? TEMPLATES_3_L1 : level === 2 ? [...TEMPLATES_3_L1, ...TEMPLATES_3_L2] : [...TEMPLATES_3_L1, ...TEMPLATES_3_L2, ...TEMPLATES_3_L3];
+    }
+    const out = base.filter(t => t.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) === meter.numerator * PPQ);
+    // Never return an empty pool — fall back to the closest available level
+    // so generator.pick on an empty array can never crash the app.
+    if (out.length === 0) {
+        const all = [...TEMPLATES_4_L1, ...TEMPLATES_4_L2, ...TEMPLATES_3_L1, ...TEMPLATES_3_L2, ...TEMPLATES_6_L1];
+        const anyFit = all.filter(t => t.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) === meter.numerator * PPQ);
+        return anyFit.length > 0 ? anyFit : [[meter.numerator * PPQ]];
+    }
+    return out;
 }
 
 /** Motion weights by semitone distance (soft preference, contract C3). */

src/music/scaleDrills.ts

@@ -12,13 +12,16 @@ import { keyFor, scalePitches, type KeyContext, type ModeId } from './scales';
 
 export type DrillDirection = 'up' | 'down' | 'updown';
 export type DrillCoverage = 'one-octave' | 'two-octave' | 'position';
+export type DrillRhythm = 'quarters' | 'eighths';
 
 export interface DrillConfig {
     readonly keyTonic: string;
     readonly keyMode: ModeId;
     readonly direction: DrillDirection;
     readonly coverage: DrillCoverage;
-    readonly meter: { readonly numerator: 3 | 4; readonly denominator: 4 };
+    readonly meter: { readonly numerator: 3 | 4 | 6; readonly denominator: 4 };
+    /** Note duration: quarters (default) or eighths. */
+    readonly rhythm?: DrillRhythm;
 }
 
 /** Complete ascending scale path from a starting tonic, if it fits the pool. */
@@ -87,14 +90,15 @@ export function generateScaleDrill(
         else path = [...up, ...[...up].reverse().slice(1)]; // no duplicate turning tonic
     }
 
-    // ---- Quarter-note rhythm, final note extended to fill its bar ---------
+    // ---- Rhythm: quarters (default) or eighths; final note extended ---------
+    const noteDur = config.rhythm === 'eighths' ? PPQ / 2 : PPQ;
     const full = config.meter.numerator * PPQ;
-    if (path.length * PPQ > 8 * full) {
+    if (path.length * noteDur > 8 * full) {
-        return { ok: false, error: 'This drill is longer than 8 bars — reduce the coverage or direction.' };
+        return { ok: false, error: 'This drill is longer than 8 bars — reduce the coverage, direction or note duration.' };
     }
-    const barCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil((path.length * PPQ) / full));
+    const barCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil((path.length * noteDur) / full));
     const totalTicks = barCount * full;
-    const lastDuration = PPQ + (totalTicks - path.length * PPQ);
+    const lastDuration = noteDur + (totalTicks - path.length * noteDur);
 
     const events: ScoreEvent[] = [];
     let cursor = 0;
@@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ export function generateScaleDrill(
         return found ? found.pitch : sp[0]?.pitch ?? null;
     };
     for (let i = 0; i < path.length; i++) {
-        const dur = i === path.length - 1 ? lastDuration : PPQ;
+        const dur = i === path.length - 1 ? lastDuration : noteDur;
         const pitch = spellFor(path[i]);
         if (!pitch) return { ok: false, error: 'Internal error spelling drill pitch.' };
         events.push({ id: `s${i}`, startTick: cursor, durationTicks: dur, pitch });
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ export function generateScaleDrill(
 
     const score: Score = {
         version: 1,
-        id: `scale-${config.keyTonic}-${config.keyMode}-${config.coverage}-${config.direction}-${config.meter.numerator}4`,
+        id: `scale-${config.keyTonic}-${config.keyMode}-${config.coverage}-${config.direction}-${config.rhythm ?? 'quarters'}-${config.meter.numerator}4`,
         title: `${key.tonic} scale — ${config.coverage === 'position' ? 'within position' : config.coverage} ${config.direction}`,
         meter: config.meter,
         key: { tonic: config.keyTonic, mode: config.keyMode, signature: key.signature },

src/music/targetPool.ts

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ export function computeTargetPool(input: TargetPoolInput): number[] {
     const tuning = TUNINGS[input.tuningId];
     const fretted = isFrettedInstrument(input.instrumentId) && !!tuning;
 
-    // 1+2: base pool with string selection and optional fret window
+    // 1+2: base pool with string selection and optional fret window.
+    // For fretted instruments with NO filters the pool is the full fretboard
+    // (frets 0–12) — the legacy difficulty ranges no longer apply since the
+    // Note Set dropdown was removed.
     let base: number[];
     if (fretted) {
         const all = tuning!.strings;
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@ export function computeTargetPool(input: TargetPoolInput): number[] {
             : all;
         if (selected.length === 0) return [];
         const lo = input.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(0, Math.min(24, input.fretMin)) : 0;
-        const hi = input.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, input.fretMax)) : 24;
+        const hi = input.fretWindowEnabled ? Math.max(lo, Math.min(24, input.fretMax)) : 12;
         base = selected.flatMap(open => {
             const notes: number[] = [];
             for (let fret = lo; fret <= hi; fret++) notes.push(open + fret);

src/score/model.ts

@@ -86,11 +86,14 @@ export interface Score {
     readonly version: 1;
     readonly id: string;
     readonly title: string;
-    readonly meter: { readonly numerator: 3 | 4; readonly denominator: 4 };
+    readonly meter: { readonly numerator: 3 | 4 | 6; readonly denominator: 4 };
     readonly key: ScoreKey;
     readonly measures: ScoreMeasure[];
     /** Exactly one voice in v1. */
     readonly voices: ReadonlyArray<{ readonly id: 'melody'; readonly events: ScoreEvent[] }>;
+    /** Optional chord symbol per bar index (0-based), e.g. "C", "Am", "G7".
+     *  Rendered above the staff; absent = no symbol for that bar. */
+    readonly chordSymbols?: ReadonlyArray<string | null>;
     readonly source?: ScoreSource;
 }
 

src/styles/variables.css

@@ -59,24 +59,24 @@
 @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
   :root {
     color-scheme: dark;
-    --color-bg: hsl(30, 20%, 10%);
+    --color-bg: hsl(220, 6%, 10%);
-    --color-surface: hsl(30, 20%, 15%);
+    --color-surface: hsl(220, 6%, 15%);
-    --color-text-main: hsl(30, 10%, 90%);
+    --color-text-main: hsl(220, 4%, 90%);
-    --color-text-muted: hsl(30, 10%, 60%);
+    --color-text-muted: hsl(220, 4%, 60%);
-    --color-primary: hsl(0, 0%, 90%);
+    --color-primary: hsl(220, 4%, 90%);
-    --color-primary-dark: hsl(0, 0%, 100%);
+    --color-primary-dark: hsl(220, 4%, 100%);
   }
 }
 
 /* Manual Dark Mode Override */
 html[data-theme="dark"] {
   color-scheme: dark;
-  --color-bg: hsl(30, 20%, 10%);
+  --color-bg: hsl(220, 6%, 10%);
-  --color-surface: hsl(30, 20%, 15%);
+  --color-surface: hsl(220, 6%, 15%);
-  --color-text-main: hsl(30, 10%, 90%);
+  --color-text-main: hsl(220, 4%, 90%);
-  --color-text-muted: hsl(30, 10%, 60%);
+  --color-text-muted: hsl(220, 4%, 60%);
-  --color-primary: hsl(0, 0%, 90%);
+  --color-primary: hsl(220, 4%, 90%);
-  --color-primary-dark: hsl(0, 0%, 100%);
+  --color-primary-dark: hsl(220, 4%, 100%);
 }
 
 /* Manual Light Mode Override */

src/types/SettingsTypes.ts

@@ -34,29 +34,39 @@ export interface RhythmSettings {
     bpm: number;
     seconds: number;
     active: boolean;
+    /** Phrase Mode: sync the metronome to the exercise (starts with it,
+     *  silent while idle) instead of running freely. */
+    syncToExercise: boolean;
     autoAdvance: boolean;
     sound: boolean;
     volume: number;
 }
 
-export type PhraseMaterial = 'melody' | 'scale' | 'library' | 'import';
+export type PhraseMaterial = 'melody' | 'scale' | 'arpeggio' | 'giuliani' | 'library' | 'import';
 export type PhrasePace = 'step' | 'tempo';
 
 export interface PhraseSettings {
     material: PhraseMaterial;
     libraryId: string;
     /** Imported score id (the parsed score lives in component state, session-only). */
-    keyTonic: string;
-    keyMode: string; // ModeId
     bars: number; // 1–8 (melodies)
-    meterNumerator: 3 | 4;
+    meterNumerator: 3 | 4 | 6;
-    rhythmLevel: 1 | 2;
+    rhythmLevel: 1 | 2 | 3;
     scaleCoverage: 'one-octave' | 'two-octave' | 'position';
     scaleDirection: 'up' | 'down' | 'updown';
-    /** Phrase-local fret window (guitar/bass) — overrides the note set. */
+    scaleRhythm: 'quarters' | 'eighths';
-    fretWindowEnabled: boolean;
+    /** Arpeggio settings (material = 'arpeggio'). */
-    fretMin: number;
+    arpeggioDegree: string; // ArpeggioDegree (single-chord mode / sequence start)
-    fretMax: number;
+    /** Sequence mode: which degrees may appear (empty = all 7). */
+    arpeggioChordSelection: string[];
+    arpeggioPattern: 'up' | 'down' | 'updown' | '1235' | 'custom' | 'random';
+    arpeggioCoverage: 'one-octave' | 'two-octave';
+    /** Sequence mode: bars per exercise (1 = single chord). */
+    arpeggioBars: number;
+    arpeggioProgression: 'random' | 'functional' | 'diatonic-cycle';
+    /** Giuliani study material (own category — voicing-enforced). */
+    giulianiPattern: 'pim' | 'pima' | 'pami' | 'aim' | 'pimamim' | 'pmamim' | 'piai' | 'pmami' | 'pimami' | 'pimaia' | 'pimai' | 'pmia' | 'pmim';
+    giulianiBars: number;
     /** Practice range for library/import material (1-based, inclusive). */
     startBar: number;
     barCount: number;
@@ -67,21 +77,32 @@ export interface PhraseSettings {
      *  new melody) after a short pause — keeps practice flowing. */
     autoContinue: boolean;
     inputMode: 'mic' | 'virtual';
+    /** Begin the run as soon as the first note is played (no count-in,
+     *  step pace only). */
+    autoStartOnNote: boolean;
+    /** Custom arpeggio pattern as raw digits (1=root, 2=third, etc.). */
+    customArpeggioPattern?: string;
+    /** Alternating bass thumb for Giuliani studies. */
+    giulianiAlternateBass?: boolean;
 }
 
 export const DEFAULT_PHRASE_SETTINGS: PhraseSettings = {
     material: 'melody',
     libraryId: '',
-    keyTonic: 'C',
-    keyMode: 'major',
     bars: 2,
     meterNumerator: 4,
     rhythmLevel: 1,
     scaleCoverage: 'one-octave',
     scaleDirection: 'updown',
-    fretWindowEnabled: false,
+    scaleRhythm: 'quarters',
-    fretMin: 0,
+    arpeggioDegree: 'I',
-    fretMax: 4,
+    arpeggioChordSelection: [],
+    arpeggioPattern: 'up',
+    arpeggioCoverage: 'one-octave',
+    arpeggioBars: 1,
+    arpeggioProgression: 'functional',
+    giulianiPattern: 'pima',
+    giulianiBars: 4,
     startBar: 1,
     barCount: 2,
     pace: 'step',
@@ -89,6 +110,9 @@ export const DEFAULT_PHRASE_SETTINGS: PhraseSettings = {
     clickSound: false,
     autoContinue: true,
     inputMode: 'mic',
+    autoStartOnNote: false,
+    customArpeggioPattern: '',
+    giulianiAlternateBass: false,
 };
 
 export function getPhraseSettings(s: AppSettings): PhraseSettings {
@@ -110,7 +134,12 @@ export interface AppSettings {
     instrument: string;
     rhythm: RhythmSettings;
     zenMode: boolean;
-    gameMode: 'sight_reading' | 'ear_training' | 'phrase';
+    /**
+     * TODO: Rename 'sight_reading' to 'learn_notes' internally (UI label is
+     * already "Learn Notes"). Deferred because the value is persisted in
+     * localStorage — needs a settings migration for existing users.
+     */
+    gameMode: 'sight_reading' | 'ear_training' | 'phrase' | 'assist';
     customMinFret?: number;
     customMaxFret?: number;
     autoPlaySightReading?: boolean;
@@ -141,6 +170,7 @@ export const DEFAULT_SETTINGS: AppSettings = {
         bpm: 60,
         seconds: 5,
         active: false,
+        syncToExercise: true,
         autoAdvance: false,
         sound: true,
         volume: 0.5